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1、BIOLOGICALPSYCHOLOGYELSEVIERBiologicalPsychology41(1995)l-27Hemoconcentrationandstress:areviewofphysiologicalmechanismsandrelevanceforcardiovasculardiseaseriskMichaelT.Allen*,StephenM.PattersonDe~rtmeRtofPsychiatry,~ni~ersjt~ofPittsburgh,3811O’HaraStreet,Pit
2、tsburgh,PA15213.USAReceived23June1994;revisionreceived28December1994;accepted19January1995AbstractElevatedlevelsofhematocritandhemoglobinhavebeenidentifiedasanindependentriskfactorforthe~velopmentofanumberofdiseases,includinghy~rtension,coronaryheartdisease,
3、andstroke.Agrowingbodyofevidencealsoindicatesthatelevationsinhematocritandhemoglobinarepresentinsituationsinvolvingbothphysicalandmentalstressors.Thispaperreviewstheevidencelinkingdecreasesinplasmavolumecausinghemoconcentrationwithhemodynamicadjustmentsassoc
4、iatedwithactivationofthesympatheticnervoussystem,andthepotentialrelevanceofstress-inducedhem~on~n~tionintriggeringdeleteriouscar-diovascularevents.Theimportanceofbloodviscosityinunderstandingtheeffectsofhemo-concentrationisdiscussed,alongwiththeneedtoevaluat
5、ethedegreeofhem~on~n~ationduringstressforaccurateinterpretationofchangesincertainbloodconstituents.Keywork:Stress;Hematocrit;Bloodviscosity;Sympatheticnervoussystem;CardiovasculardiseaseEpidemiologicalstudieshaveidentifiedanumberofriskfactorsassociatedwithth
6、edevelopmentofcardiovasculardisease.Theseincludesmoking,elevatedbloodpressure,elevatedserumcholesterolandtrig!ycerides,elevatedinsulinlevels,andobesity(e.g.,Castellietal.,1986;Ducimetiereetal.,1980;Kannel,Brand,Skinner,lCorrespondingauthor.0301-051lASM9.5001
7、995ElsevierScienceIrelandLtd.AllrightsreservedSSDI0301-0511(95)05123-R2M.T.ANen,S.M.Patterson/BiologicalPsychology41(1995)I-27Dawber,8cMcNamara,1967).Inadditiontothesemorewell-knownriskfactorsforcardiovasculardisease,increasedlevelsofhematocritandhemoglobinh
8、avealsobeenidentifiedasanindependentriskfactorforessentialhypertension(Cirillo,Laurenzi,Trevisan,&Stamler,1992;Emery,Whitcomb,&Frohlich,1974),stroke(Kannel,Gordon,Wolf,&McNamara,1972;Kiyoharaeta
