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1、CatalysisLetters22(I993)67-9167CatalysisinC1chemistry:futureandprospectJ.L.G.FierroInstitutodeCatdlisisyPetroleoqufmica,CSIC,CampusUAM,Cantoblanco,28049Madrid,SpainThisworksummarizesthemostrelevantfacetsofthecurrentknowledgeoftheprincipalcatalyticprocessesinvolvedinonecarbo
2、n-atomconversions.Withoutdoubt,naturalgas(ormethane)chemicalconversionintohighmolecularweighthydrocarbonsviaoxidativecoupling(OCM)orpartialoxidationintoC1oxygenates(POM)currentlyrepresentsagreatchemicalandtechnologicalchallengeforpetrochemistry.Althoughthecatalystsystemsand
3、thebasicprinciplesofthetwotypesofprocessesarewellknown,agreatereffortisneededtowardsthedevelopmentofmoreefficientandstablecatalystsunderthesevereoperationconditionsimposedbythereactionitself,aswellastheneedforsuitablereactiondesigntominimizetheextentofthehomogeneousreaction
4、.Thealternativeprocessistoobtainsynthesisgas(CO/H2)inafirststepthroughsteamreformingfollowedbyasecondFischer-Tropschhydrogenationstep.However,theunfavorableenergeticbalanceofthereformingstepandtheabsenceofselec-tivecatalystsinthelattertoobtainanarrowmolecularweightdistribut
5、ioncurrentlyleadstocompromiseinsolutions.Amongthese,thehighmolecularweightalcoholsynthesisandtherecentlydevelopedShellmiddledistillatesynthesis(SMDS)appeartobeveryattractive.OfnolessimportancearethereactionswhichincorporateaCOmoleculeintoalcoholsorolefinsviacarbonylationsan
6、dhydroformylafions.Withinthisframework,theuseoforganometalliccom-plexesanchoredtofuncfionalizedpolymericmatricesinitiatedaveryintenseresearchactiv-ity,particularlyinthedevelopmentofstablecatalysts.Keywords:C1chemistry;methaneoxidativecoupling;methanepartialoxidation;COhydro
7、-genation;methanolconversion;higheralcoholsynthesis1.IntroductionTheorganicandinorganicmoleculescontainingaC-atom(CO,CO2,CH4,CH3OH,HCOH)havefoundwideapplicationinmodernchemicalindustryinrecentyears.Severalprocesses,suchasthesteamreformingofmethanetoproduceCO/H2mixturesandth
8、epyrolysisofmethanetoyieldacetylenehavebeenwellknownformanyyears.Otheralternatives