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1、NIHPublicAccessAuthorManuscriptAnnuRevPublicHealth.Authormanuscript;availableinPMC2013April29.NIH-PAAuthorManuscriptPublishedinfinaleditedformas:NIH-PAAuthorManuscriptNIH-PAAuthorManuscriptAnnuRevPublicHealth.2012April;33:107±122.doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031811-1
2、24655.AReviewofSpatialMethodsinEpidemiology,2000–2010AmyH.Auchincloss1,SamsonY.Gebreab2,ChristinaMair3,andAnaV.DiezRoux21DepartmentofEpidemiologyandBiostatistics,DrexelUniversitySchoolofPublicHealth,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania19102;aha27@drexel.edu2DepartmentofEpidemiolo
3、gy,UniversityofMichiganSchoolofPublicHealth,AnnArbor,Michigan48109;samsong@umich.edu,adiezrou@umich.edu3PreventionResearchCenter,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,California94704;cmair@prev.orgAbstractUnderstandingtheimpactofplaceonhealthisakeyelementofepidemiologicinves
4、tigation,andnumeroustoolsarebeingemployedforanalysisofspatialhealth-relateddata.Thisreviewdocumentsthehugegrowthinspatialepidemiology,summarizesthetoolsthathavebeenemployed,andprovidesin-depthdiscussionofseveralmethods.Relevantresearcharticlesfor2000±2010fromsevenepide
5、miologyjournalswereincludedifthestudyutilizedaspatialanalysismethodinprimaryanalysis(n=207).Resultssummarizedfrequencyofspatialmethodsandsubstantivefocus;graphsexploredtrendsovertime.Themostcommonspatialmethodsweredistancecalculations,spatialaggregation,clustering,spat
6、ialsmoothingandinterpolation,andspatialregression.Proximitymeasureswerepredominantandwereappliedprimarilytoairqualityandclimatescienceandresourceaccessstudies.Thereviewconcludesbynotingemergingareasthatarelikelytobeimportanttofuturespatialanalysisinpublichealth.Keyword
7、sgeographicinformationsystems;epidemiologicmethods;spatialdistribution;geography;space-timeclusteringINTRODUCTIONPlacehaslongbeenrecognizedasanessentialcomponentinepidemiologicalscience(118).Overthepast20years,interestinplacehasexperiencedresurgence,facilitatedbyimprov
8、edaccessibilityofcomputer-basedgeographicinformationsystems(GIS).Personalcomputing,improvementsinprocessingspeed,andu
