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1、RNAInterferenceanditsApplicationinCropImprovementWilliamsetal.2004RNAInterferenceanditsApplicationinCropImprovementMattWilliams*,GregoryClark,KanagasabapathiSathasivan**andAhmadS.IslamDepartmentofMolecular,CellandDevelopmentBiology,SchoolofBiologicalSc
2、iences,TheUniversityofTexasatAustin,Austin,TX78712,U.S.A.*Allillustrationsinarticleweredrawnbyfirstauthor.**Correspondingauthor.E-mail:sata@mail.utexas.eduAbstract:ThediscoveryofRNAinterference(RNAi)inmid-ninety’saddedanewdimensionintheregulationofgene
3、expressionbydifferenttypesofRNA.ItsooncaughttheworldwideattentionandanumberofreviewshavebeenpublishedtodescribetheRNAiphenomenonbothinplantsandanimals.Thetechnologybecameapowerfultooltounderstandthefunctionsofindividualgenesandalsoprovedusefulformolecu
4、larbreederstoproduceimprovedcropvarieties.ThisreviewarticlesummarizesthehistoricalbackgroundofRNAi,describestheroleofdifferentclassesofRNAmolecules,particularlyofds(doublestranded)RNAs,hp(hairpin)RNAs,siRNAsandmi(micro)RNAsandtwoimportantpolymeraseIIIe
5、nzymes,namely,DicerandRISC(RNA-inducedSilencingComplex)thathelpRNAi’scarryoutitsfunctionthroughauniqueprocess.Thearticlegivesafewplantexamplesinwhichthistechnologyhasbeensuccessfullyusedtoproduceimprovedcropvarietiesandtoanalyzegenefunction.Finally,poi
6、ntingoutthatthisproventechnologyisfreelyavailabletoresearchscientists,thearticleadvocatesthatmoreandmorelaboratoriesbothindevelopedanddevelopingcountriesusethispowerfultooltounderstandthefunctionsofplantgenesandimprovecropproduction.IntroductionRightfu
7、llychristened2002’s“Technologyoftheyear”byScience(Couzin2002),andFortuneMagazine’s“BillionDollarBreakthrough”(Stipp2003)in2003,RNAinterference(RNAi),asthenameimplies,suppressesgeneexpressionbydegradingspecificmessengerRNAs(mRNA).Introductionofapieceofd
8、oublestrandedRNA(dsRNA)intothecytosolinitiatesthephenomenonofRNAi,inturnactivatingapathwayculminatinginthedegradationofthetargetedgenetranscript(Agrawaletal.2003;Kuznetsov2003;ArenzandSchepers2003).InadditiontoRNAdegradationuponactivati
