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1、Thispaperisnottobereproducedforpublication.ItwillbepublishedsooninTheHandbookofLanguageandGender,ed.byJanetHolmesandMiriamMeyerhoff,BlackwellPublishers.SusanC.HerringIndianaUniversity,BloomingtonGenderandPowerinOnlineCommunication1.IntroductionNewcommunicationtec
2、hnologiesareofteninvestedwithusers'hopesforchangeinthesocialorder.1ThustheInternetissaidtobeinherentlydemocratic,levelingtraditionaldistinctionsofsocialstatus,andcreatingopportunitiesforlesspowerfulindividualsandgroupstoparticipateonaparwithmembersofmorepowerfulg
3、roups.Specifically,theInternethasbeenclaimedtoleadtogreatergenderequality,withwomen,asthesocially,politically,andeconomicallylesspowerfulgender,especiallylikelytoreapitsbenefits.Theclaimsincludethefollowing:Text-basedcomputer-mediatedcommunication,withitslackofph
4、ysicalandauditorycues,makesthegenderofonlinecommunicatorsirrelevantorinvisible,allowingwomenandmentoparticipateequally,incontrastwithtraditionalpatternsofmaledominanceobservedinface-to-faceconversations(Danet,1998;Graddol&Swann,1989).Asanetworkconnectinggeographi
5、cally-dispersedusers,theInternetempowerswomenandmembersofothertraditionallysubordinategroupstofindcommunityandorganizepoliticallyinpursuitoftheirowninterests(Balka,1993).TheWorldWideWeballowswomentoself-publishandengageinprofitableentrepreneurialactivityonaparwit
6、hmen(Rickert&Sacharow,2000).Ofcourse,men,too,standtobenefitfromanonymouscommunication,common-interestgroupformation,andthecommercialpotentialoftheWeb.Thedifferenceisthatforwomen,theInternetpurportedlyremovesbarrierstoparticipationindomainswherebarriersdonotexist–
7、oratleast,donotexisttothesameextent–formen.1Radio…Thetelephone…Cabletelevision…1Herring.docSome20yearsaftertheintroductionoftheInternet,wemayaskwhetherthesepotentialshavebeen,orareintheprocessofbeing,realized.Extrapolatingfromthepropertiesofatechnologytoitssocial
8、effects–aparadigmknownas‘technologicaldeterminism’(Markus,1994)–tendstooverlookthefactthatthedevelopmentandusesofanytechnologyarethemselvesembeddedinasocialcon
