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1、IDEOLOGYANDDISCOURSEABOUTINDIGENOUSPEOPLESMakingsenseofTheOtherAswehaveseen,meetingofOldandNewWorldswasculturalandideologicalaswellasmaterial:crucialhowpeoplethought,spoke,andwroteabouteachotherDiscoverandconquestinAmericasopenedupEuropeanintellectualhorizonstremendously:k
2、nowledgeofhowgreattheworldwasandthevarietyofpeopleinitSomeexpansionascontactwithAfricaandindirectlywithAsia,thentremendouschangeafter1492IndigenousAmericansbecameprimeexamplesofTheOther,peopleseenasradicallydifferent.Alterityorradicalotherness.Colonistshadtomakesenseofthep
3、eopletheysaw,tounderstandthem.Notnecessarily,dispassionate,objective,ordisinterestedElaboratedideologiesordiscoursestojustifyconquestanddomination,oftendenigratedsubjects.AlsodevelopedideasofselvesasBritishorFrenchorSpanishindistinction,bycontrastwithIndians.SometimesIndia
4、nsmerefoil,stickfigureforideasthatreallyaboutselfSometheoristsseesuchideasasalmostalwaysbeingimplicatedinorasrationalizationsfordominationMostfamouswork,byEdwardSaid,Orientalism,studyofEuropeandiscoursesaboutMiddleEast,aboutdistortedandsystematicsetofideasaboutArabsetc..Ad
5、icourseofthissortisstrongerandmorecoherentthansimplestereotype.Foundthroughoutliteraryandhistoricalworksaboutregion.Byextension,allwritingsaboutothers.Butstudyofsuchdiscoursestricky.Problemofsampling:ifrangeofideasandopinions,dependswhattakeastypicalofrest.Alsowhetherprove
6、orjustassumethatalwaysmotivatedbydesiretodominate.Colley(inrecommendedreading)suggeststhatmanyoforientalistideasaboutMiddleEastdevelopedbeforeEuropeandominationandexpansion,inlargepartasreactiontofeelingthreatenedbyBarbarypiratesandothers.Also,questionofwhetheralwaysmadeup
7、ideasoutofwholecloth,totallyimposedthem,orwhetherinterpretationofwhatencountered,constructionratherthancompletefabricationTransferringestablishedstereotypesJustasconquerorsandcoloniststransferredestablishedpatternsofaction,alsousedwellestablishedideasaboutothers,manyfroman
8、tiquityorMiddleAges1.Monsters.Thoughtthatmuchofworldbeyondhorizonpopulatedbypeoplewithone
