语料的标注与句法结构的提取

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1、语料的标注与句法结构的提取王金铨bfsuwjq@yahoo.com.cnPartI语料的标注PartII句法结构提取PartI语料的标注1.Whatisannotation?2.Howtodoit?AnnotationofcorporaAnnotation:Theprocessofmakingexplicitlinguisticcategoriesimplicitwithinacorpustext,forexample,byaddinglayersofinformationonthegrammaticalclassesofwords,orontheclassesofspeechactswhic

2、hhavetakenplaceinthecourseofthetranscribedspeech,ortheclassesoferrorslearnersmadeinwriting.(Edwards1995:20).A.Part-of-speechtaggingB.SyntacticannotationC.SemanticannotationD.DiscourseannotationE.PragmaticannotationPOS-Tagging-alsoknownasgrammaticaltagging-divideswordsintocategories,basedonhowtheycan

3、becombinedtoformsentences-mostcommonusedformofcorpusannotationNowadays,<,>itisfashionabletospeakofagenerationgap.<.>Theparentscomplainthatchildrenareself-centeredanddonotshowthemproper

4、respectandobedience,<,>whilechildrenarecomplainingthatparentsdonotunderstandthem.<.>Howdoesthegenerationgapform?Howtodoit?manuallycomputer-assistedfullyautomaticcomputer-assistedannotationAnnotoolFull

5、yautomaticannotationCLAWSConstituentLikelihoodAutomaticWord-taggingSystemdevelopedbyUCREL(UniversityCentreforComputerCorpusResearchonLanguage)atLancasterPOS-taggerforEnglishexistssinceearly1980‘shasseveraltagsetsTagsetvariationCategoryExampleCLAWS5AdverboftenAV0Adverb,negativenotXX0Adverb,comparativ

6、efasterAV0Adverb,superlativefastestAV0Adverb,particleupAVPAdverb,deictichereAV0Adverb,intensifierveryAV0Adv,intensifier,postposedenoughAV0Adverb,questionwhenAVQAdv,question,intensifierhowAVQFullyautomaticannotationGotaggerWhen_WRBwe_PRPare_VBPborn_VBN,_,the_DTeducation_NNour_PRP$parents_NNSgive_VBPu

7、s_PRPis_VBZto_TOlearn_VBhow_WRBto_TOspeak_VBand_CChow_WRBto_TOrecognize_VBthem_PRP._.It_PRPis_VBZa_DTbasic_JJeducation_NNand_CCwe_PRPstart_VBPto_TOface_VBthe_DTcolorful_JJworld_NN._.The_DTeducation_NN