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1、INFORMATIONSYSTEMSCONCEPTUALFOUNDATIONS:LOOKINGBACKWARDANDFORWARDGordonB.DavisUniversityofMinnesotaU.S.A.AbstractTheacademicfieldofinformationsystemshasdevelopedbecauseorganizationsuseaspecializedbodyofknowledgeaboutinformationandcommunicationssystems.Teachingandresearchsuppo
2、rttheseorganizationneeds.Thefieldmaybedefinedintermsofobservedinformationsystemsinorganizationsandalsointermsofthefunctionorfieldofactivityforsystemplanning,development,management,andevaluation.Sincethesystemsdealwithcapture,repositories,processing,andcommunicationofdata,info
3、rmation,andknowledge,thesearealsodefined.Conceptualfoundationsforthefieldarethesetofconceptsandpropositionsthatexplainwhystructuresaredesignedthewaytheyare,tasksarescheduledandaccomplishedinthewaytheyare,andactivitiesareperformedthewaytheyare.Therearethreeapproachestoconceptu
4、alfoundations:anintersectionapproachthatacceptsanyconceptfromanyfieldifitappearstoaddinsightandexplanationtoinformationsystemspracticeandresearch,acoreapproachthatseekstodefinethoseideasthatcharacterizethedisciplineandmakeitdistinct,andanevolutionaryapproachthatseeksacohesive
5、setofconceptsbycombiningtheconceptsfromthecoreapproachwithconceptsfromotherfieldsthatovertimearefoundtobeespeciallyusefultoinformationsystems.Atthistime,thereissignificantvarietyandanumberofconceptsthataresaidtobeusefulinresearchandpractice.Inthelongrun,6162Part2:Transforming
6、theFundamentalstheevolutionaryapproachrelativetoconceptualfoundationswillprobablyprevailandreducethescopeandvarietysomewhat.Itisamixedstrategythatfitsthediversityinherentinaworldwidecommunityofscholars.Asthecoreconceptsaredevelopedandclarified,thecorewillbestrengthened.Howeve
7、r,therewillstillcontinuetobestronguseofotherbodiesofknowledgecontainingconceptsthatsupportexplanationandresearchrelativetoinformationsystems.1.IntroductionForbothacademicandresearchpurposes,thefieldofinformationsystemsdealswithsystemsfordeliveringinformationandcommunicationss
8、ervicesinanorganizationandtheactivitiesandmanagementoftheinformation