Carbon-2007-Easy preparation of nitrogen-enriched carbon materials from peptides of silk fibroins and their use to produce a high volumetric energy density in supercapacitors

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1、Carbon45(2007)2116–2125www.elsevier.com/locate/carbonEasypreparationofnitrogen-enrichedcarbonmaterialsfrompeptidesofsilkfibroinsandtheirusetoproduceahighvolumetricenergydensityinsupercapacitorsa,*bbbcYongJungKim,YusukeAbe,TakashiYanagiura,KiChulPark,MakotoShimizu,

2、cca,bd,eTomoyaIwazaki,ShinNakagawa,MorinobuEndo,MildredS.DresselhausaInstituteofCarbonScienceandTechnology(ICST),ShinshuUniversity,4-17-1Wakasato,Nagano380-8553,JapanbDepartmentofElectricandElectronicEngineering,FacultyofEngineering,ShinshuUniversity,4-17-1Wakasa

3、to,Nagano380-8553,JapancShinanoKenshiCo.,Ltd.,EngineeredMaterialsDivision,CarbonMaterialProject,1078,Maruko-Machi,Chiisagata-Gun,Nagano-Ken386-0498,JapandDepartmentofPhysics,MIT,Cambridge,MA02139,USAeDepartmentofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience,MIT,Cambrid

4、ge,MA02139,USAReceived25October2006;accepted4May2007Availableonline22June2007AbstractAnovelnitrogen-richcarbonmaterial,silkcarbon,waspreparedfromBombyxmorisilkfibroinsbysimpleheat-treatmentunderinertatmosphere.Thenitrogenatomswereoriginatedfromcopiouspeptidebondsc

5、ontainedinthesilkfibroins.Theadequateheat-treatmenttemperatureturnedthenitrogenatomsofthepeptidebondstothesilkcarbonsintheformofnitrogen-containingfunctionalgroups.Furthermore,theactivationofthesilkcarbonswithsteamandpotassiumhydroxideprovidednitrogen-containingac

6、tivatedcarbons(ACs)withdifferentpore-sizedistribution.Intheapplicationtoelectricdoublelayercapacitors,thesilkcarbon-basedACsshowedahighercapacitanceandanexcellentelectrochemicalstabilityinthehighvoltageregion,comparedwithatypicalACpreparedfromphe-nolicresin.Moresi

7、gnificantly,thesteam-activatedsilkcarbonshowedtheenergydensitythatwascomparabletothatofthephenolicresin-basedACpreparedbychemicalactivation.Thisindicatesthesuperiorityofsteam-activatedsilkcarbonstoconventionalKOH-activatedcarbonmaterialsinsupercapacitorapplication

8、,duetothelowproductioncostbythefacilitiesofsteamactivation,andtherelevantcapacitancecomparablewiththatofchemicalactivation.Ó2007ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.1