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1、Werecognizethateachtissueand,moregenerally,eachcelloftheor-ganismsecretes...specialproductsorfermentsintothebloodwhichtherebyinfluencealltheothercellsthusintegratedwitheachotherbyamechanismotherthanthenervoussystem.-CharlesEdouardBrown-56quardandId'Arsonval,a
2、rticleinComptesRendusdelaSoci6t6deBiologie,/B9/HormonalRegulationandIntegrationofMammalianMetabolism23.1Hormones:DiverseStructuresforDiversehormonesandhormonalmechanisms,thenturntotheFunctions901tissue-specificfunctionsregulatedbythesemecha-nisms.Wediscussthe
3、distributionofnutrientstovari-23.2Tissue-SpecificMetabolism:TheDivisionofLabor912ousorgans-emphasizingthecentralroleplayedbytheliver-andthemetaboliccooperationamongtheseor-23.3HormonalRegulationofFuelMetabolism922gans.Toillustratetheintegrativeroleofhormones,
4、we23,4ObesityandtheRegulationofBodyMass930describetheinterplayofinsulin,glucagon,andepineph-rineincoordinatingfuelmetabolisminmuscle,Iiver,and23.50besity,theMetabolicSyndrome,andadiposetissue.ThemetabolicdisturbancesindiabetesType2Diabetes938furtherillustrate
5、theimportanceofhormonalregulationofmetabolism.Wediscussthelong-termhormonalreg-ulationofbodymassand,finally,theroleofobesityinInChapters13through22wehavediscussedmetabo-developmentofthemetabolics;mdromeanddiabetes.lismattheleveloftheindividualcell,emphasizing
6、IIcentralpathwayscorrrmontoalmostallcells,bacter-ial,archaeal,andeukaryotic.Wehaveseenhowmeta-23.'lHormones:DiverseStructuresforbolicprocesseswithincellsareregulatedatthelevelofDiverseFunctionsindividualenzyrnereactions,bysubstrateavailability,byallostericmec
7、hanisms,andbyphosphorylationorotherVirtuallyeveryprocessinacomplexorganismisregu-covalentmodiflcationsofenz;rmes.latedbyoneormorehormones:maintenanceofbloodToappreciatefullythesignificanceofindividualmeta-pressure,bloodvolume,andelectrolytebalance;em-bolicpat
8、hwaysandtheirregulation,wemustviewthesebryogenesis;sexualdifferentiation,development,andpathwaysinthecontextofthewholeorganism.Anessen-reproduction;hunger,eatingbehavior,digestion,andtial
