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1、PreliminaryDiscussionoftheLogicalDesignofanElectronicComputingInstrumentArthurW.Burks,HermanH.Goldstine,andJohnvonNeumannPrefacetoFirstEditionThisreporthasbeenpreparedinaccordancewiththetermsofContractW-36-034-ORD-7481betweentheResearchandDevelopmentService,Ordn
2、anceDepartment,U.S.ArmyandtheInstituteforAdvancedStudy.Itisintendedasthefirstoftwopapersdealingwithsomeaspectsoftheoveralllogicalconsiderationsarisinginconnectionwithelectroniccomputingmachines.Anattemptismadetogiveinthis,thefirsthalfofthereport,ageneralpictureo
3、fthetypeofinstrumentnowunderconsiderationandinthesecondhalfastudyofhowactualmathematicalproblemscanbecoded,i.e.preparedinthelanguagethemachinecanunderstand.Itisthepresentintentiontoissuefromtimetotimereportscoveringthevariousphasesoftheproject.Thesepaperswillapp
4、earwheneveritisfeltsufficientworkhasbeendoneonagivenaspect,eitherlogicalorexperimental,tojustifyitsbeingreported.TheauthorsalsowishtoexpresstheirthankstoDr.JohnTukey,ofPrincetonUniversity,formanyvaluablediscussionsandsuggestions.ArthurW.BurksHermanH.GoldstineJoh
5、nvonNeumannTheInstituteforAdvancedStudy28June1946PrefacetoSecondEditionInthiseditionthesectionsdealingwiththearithmeticorganhavebeenconsiderablyexpandedandamorecompleteaccountofthearithmeticprocessesgiven.Inaddition,certainsectionshavebeenbroughtuptodateinthelig
6、htofengineeringadvancesmadeinourlaboratory.ArthurW.BurksHermanH.GoldstineJohnvonNeumannTheInstituteforAdvancedStudy2September1947OriginallypublishedinPapersofJohnvonNeumannon1ComputingandComputerTheory,pp.97–142.CopyrightÓ1987TheMITPress.PartI1.PrincipalComponen
7、tsoftheMachine1.1.Inasmuchasthecompleteddevicewillbeageneral-purposecomputingmachineitshouldcontaincertainmainorgansrelatingtoarithmetic,memory-storage,controlandconnectionwiththehumanoperator.Itisintendedthatthemachinebefullyautomaticincharacter,i.e.independent
8、ofthehumanoperatorafterthecomputationstarts.AfullerdiscussionoftheimplicationsofthisremarkwillbegiveninChapter3below.1.2.Itisevidentthatthemachinemustbecapableofstori
