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1、一．关于原作者爱默生：RalphWaldoEmerson（1803-1882）：1.essayist,lecturer,poet,andrepresentativeofRomanticismin19thCenturyAmerica;2.leaderofTranscendentalisminAmerica:Hewasconvincedthateverythinginnaturehaditsexactcounterpartinthemind.Fromthisbasicconvictionflowedal
2、lhisideas:1)Natureisavastarrayofsymbols,whichcouldleadtheirindividualinterpretertowardtheeternaltruthofGodandthecosmos;2)Sincesuchultimatetruthtranscendsnatureorliesbehindit.Theintuitivemeansofdiscoveringitistranscendental;3)Themethodofinterpretationca
3、llsforanintuitiveleapwithoutrationalanalysisfromthethingobservedinnaturetothespiritual(moral)truthitsymbolized.二．关于原作《论美国学者》：“TheAmericanScholar”：1.firstdeliveredatHarvardonAugust31,1837;2.Emersonchargedthatthescholar’sjobwastoleadhispeopleoutoftheirbo
4、ndagetooldculturesandawayfromthe“popularcry”ofreceivedwisdomandeverydaymodesofthought;3.EmersonexhortedhisaudienceofnativeintellectualstorouseandleadAmericansocietyintomentalindependenceandself-reliance;4.Theaddressprovedtobeimmenselypopular,andOliverW
5、endellHolmescalled“ourintellectualDeclarationofIndependence”.三．译文分析：Para1:Noneisquiteperfect.译文一：凡事皆无绝对之完美。译文二：万事皆无极致。Asnoair-pumpcanbyanymeansmakeaperfectvacuum,soneithercananyartistentirelyexcludetheconventional,thelocal,theperishablefromhisbook,orwr
6、iteabookofpurethought,thatshouldbeasefficient,inallrespects,toaremoteposterity,astocontemporaries,orrathertothesecondage.译文一：正如气泵无论如何也抽不出绝对真空一样，任何大师都不可能从其书中完全排除习俗、地域和应时应景的影响，或者说都不可能写出纯思想之书——那种在方方面面都能像对其同代人或下代人一样对遥远的后代也有直接作用的书。译文二：正如没有气泵能够抽出绝对之真空，任何大师都无
7、法免受习俗之束缚，不受时空之桎梏，创作出体现纯粹思想之书。此书要能在方方面面都对同代、下代，乃至后代的后代产生相同的影响。译注：①常见词的不同含义，artist：apersonwhoseworkshowsexceptionalcreativeabilityorskill，高手，能手。Eg.Youareanartistinthekitchen.你是一位烹饪大师。②注意“the+常见形容词”的译法，常译为相应的名词。perishable定义为subjecttodecay,spoilage,ordestr
8、uction。而成、住、坏、灭乃一时间进程，故perishable在此指时间概念。而local指空间，故excludethelocal,theperishablefromhisbook合译为“不受时空之桎梏”。Eachage,itisfound,mustwriteitsownbooks;orrather,eachgenerationforthenextsucceeding.译文一：人们发现，每个时代必须写每个时代的书，更确切地说，每代人都必须为下一代人而写。译文二：但
