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1、ARTICLEINPRESSNewIdeasinPsychology25(2007)108–127www.elsevier.com/locate/newideapsychFrequencyeffectsinlanguageacquisition,languageuse,anddiachronicchangeHolgerDiesselFriedrich-Schiller-UniversitatJena,InstitutfurAnglistik/Amerikanistik,Ernst-Abbe-Platz8,07743Jena,GermanyAvailableonline18April2007
2、AbstractRecentworkinpsychologyandlinguisticshasshownthatfrequencyofoccurrenceisanimportantdeterminantoflanguageacquisition,languageuse,anddiachronicchange.Thispapersurveystheeffectsoffrequencyontheuseanddevelopmentoflanguageandconsidersthepsychologicalmechanismsthatunderliethevariousfrequencyeffect
3、s.Thepapershowsthatfrequencyhasanimpactontheemergenceoflinguisticstructureandthatsomewell-knowncross-linguistictendenciesarisefromfrequencyeffects.r2007ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.0.IntroductionOneofthemostbasicprinciplesofmodernlinguisticsistherigiddivisionbetweengrammarandlanguageuse,whichisrefl
4、ectedinChomsky’sdichotomyofcompetenceandperformance.Basedonthisdivision,itiscommonlyassumedthatgrammaticalstructuresareindependentoftheiruse;thatis,inthisapproachgrammarisseenasaclosedandstablesystemthatisnotaffectedbypragmaticandpsycholinguisticprinciplesinvolvedinlanguageuse.Thisviewofgrammarhasb
5、eenchallengedinrecentyears,bothinpsychologyandlinguistics.Inspiredbyresearchwithconnectionistmodels,psychologistsandcognitivescientistshavearguedthatgrammaticalstructuresemergefromprocessinglinguisticdata.Inthisapproach,grammarisadynamicalsystemthatisconstantlychangingbyvirtueofpsychologicalprocess
6、esinvolvedinlanguageuse(cf.Elmanetal.,1996;Elman&Tel.:+493641944530.E-mailaddress:holger.diessel@uni-jena.de.0732-118X/$-seefrontmatterr2007ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2007.02.002ARTICLEINPRESSH.Diessel/NewIdeasinPsychology25(2007)108127109McClelland,1984;MacDonald,Pea
7、rlmutter,&Seidenberg,1994;Tabor,Juliano,&Tanehnaus,1997).Asimilarmodelofgrammarhasbeenproposedincognitiveandfunctionalapproachestothestudyoflanguage.Basedondatafromlanguageacquisition,corpuslinguistics,gram
