U2语音学与音系学02

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1、Chapter2TheSoundsofLanguageI.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:1.VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish. 2.Iftwophoneticallysimilarsoundsoccurinthesameenvironmentsandtheydistinguishmeaning,theyaresaid

2、tobeincomplementarydistribution. 3.Aphoneisaphoneticunitthatdistinguishesmeaning. 4.EnglishisatonelanguagewhileChineseisnot. 5.Inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting. 6.Ineverydaycommunication,speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinform

3、ationconveyed. 7.Articulatoryphoneticstriestodescribethephysicalpropertiesofthestreamofsoundswhichaspeakerissueswiththehelpofamachinecalledspectrograph. 8.Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingarecontainedinthreeimportantareas:thethroat,themouthandthechest. 9.

4、Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalledvoicing. 10.Englishconsonantscanbeclassifiedintermsofplaceofarticulationandthepartofthetonguethatisraisedthehighest. 11.Accordingtothemannerofarticulation,someofthetypesintowhichtheconsonantscanbecl

5、assifiedarestops,fricatives,bilabialandalveolar. 12.Vowelsoundscanbedifferentiatedbyanumberoffactors:thepositionoftongueinthemouth,theopennessofthemouth,theshapeofthelips,andthelengthofthevowels. 13.Accordingtotheshapeofthelips,vowelscanbeclassifiedintoclosev

6、owels,semi-closevowels,semi-openvowelsandopenvowels. 14.Anysoundproducedbyahumanbeingisaphoneme. 15.Phonesarethesoundsthatcandistinguishmeaning. 16.Phonologyisconcernedwithhowthesoundscanbeclassifiedintodifferentcategories. 17.Abasicwaytodeterminethephonemeso

7、falanguageistoseeifsubstitutingonesoundforanotherresultsinachangeofmeaning. 91.Whentwodifferentformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesameplaceinthestrings,thetwowordsaresaidtoformaphonemiccontrast. 2.Therulesgoverningthephonologic

8、alpatterningarelanguagespecific. 3.Distinctivefeaturesofsoundsegmentscanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicsegments.II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswitht