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1、UppergastrointestinalbleedingFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaJumpto:navigation,searchUppergastrointestinalbleedingClassificationandexternalresourcesEndoscopicimageofaposteriorwallduodenalulcerwithacleanbase,whichisacommoncauseofupperGIhemorrhage.ICD-10K9
2、2.2ICD-9578.9eMedicinemed/3565Uppergastrointestinal(GI)bleedingreferstohemorrhageintheuppergastrointestinaltract.Theanatomiccut-offforupperGIbleedingistheligamentofTreitz,whichconnectsthefourthportionoftheduodenumtothediaphragmnearthesplenicflexureoftheco
3、lon.UpperGIbleedsareconsideredmedicalemergencies,andrequireadmissiontohospitalforurgentdiagnosisandmanagement.Duetoadvancesinmedicationsandendoscopy,upperGIhemorrhageisnowusuallytreatedwithoutsurgery.Contents[hide]·1Presentation·2Causes·3Diagnosiso3.1Diag
4、nostictestingo3.2Bayesiancalculations·4Treatmento4.1Refractorybleeding·5Epidemiology·6Seealso·7References·8Externallinks[edit]PresentationPatientswithupperGIhemorrhageoftenpresentwithhematemesis,coffeegroundvomiting,melena,orhematochezia(marooncolouredsto
5、ol)ifthehemorrhageissevere.Thepresentationofbleedingdependsontheamountandlocationofhemorrhage.Patientsmayalsopresentwithcomplicationsofanemia,includingchestpain,syncope,fatigueandshortnessofbreath.Thephysicalexaminationperformedbythephysicianconcentrateso
6、nthefollowingthings:·Vitalsigns,inordertodeterminetheseverityofbleedingandthetimingofintervention·Abdominalandrectalexamination,inordertodeterminepossiblecausesofhemorrhage·Assessmentforportalhypertensionandstigmataofchronicliverdiseaseinordertodeterminei
7、fthebleedingisfromavaricealsource.Laboratoryfindingsincludeanemia,coagulopathy,andanelevatedBUN-to-creatinineratio.[edit]CausesGastriculcerinantrumofstomachwithoverlyingclot.Pathologywasconsistentwithgastriclymphoma.Anumberofmedicationsincreasetheriskofbl
8、eedingincludingNSAIDsandSSRIs.SSRIsdoubletherateofuppergastrointestinalbleeding.[1]TherearemanycausesforupperGIhemorrhage.Causesareusuallyanatomicallydividedintotheirlocationintheuppergastrointestinaltract.Peopleare
