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1、SSLA,30,225–251+PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica+doi:10+10170S0272263108080327BIDIRECTIONALCROSSLINGUISTICINFLUENCEINL1-L2ENCODINGOFMANNERINSPEECHANDGESTUREAStudyofJapaneseSpeakersofEnglishAmandaBrownSyracuseUniversityMarianneGullbergMaxPlanckInstituteforPsycholinguisticsWhereasmostr
2、esearchinSLAassumestherelationshipbetweenthefirstlanguage(L1)andthesecondlanguage(L2)tobeunidirec-tional,thisstudyinvestigatesthepossibilityofabidirectionalrelation-ship.Weexaminethedomainofmannerofmotion,inwhichmonolingualJapaneseandEnglishspeakersdifferbothinspeechandgesture.Paralle
3、linfluencesoftheL1ontheL2andtheL2ontheL1werefoundinproductionfromnativeJapanesespeakerswithintermediateknowledgeofEnglish.Theseeffects,whichwerestron-gestingesturepatterns,demonstratethat(a)bidirectionalinter-actionbetweenlanguagesinthemultilingualmindcanoccurevenwithintermediateprofi
4、ciencyintheL2and(b)gestureanalysescanofferinsightsoninteractionsbetweenlanguagesbeyondthoseobservedthroughanalysesofspeechalone.WegratefullyacknowledgetechnicalandfinancialsupportfromtheMaxPlanckInstituteforPsycho-linguisticsandtheNederlandseOrganisatievoorWetenschappelijkOnderzoek~NW
5、O;MPI56-384,TheDynamicsofMultilingualProcessing,awardedtoM+GullbergandP+Indefrey!+WewouldalsoliketothanktwoanonymousSSLAreviewersfortheirusefulcomments+Addresscorrespondenceto:AmandaBrown,DepartmentofLanguages,LiteraturesandLinguis-tics,340H+B+CrouseHall,SyracuseUniversity,Syracuse,NY
6、13244;e-mail:abrown08@syr+edu+©2008CambridgeUniversityPress0272-2631008$15+00225226AmandaBrownandMarianneGullbergInthefieldofSLA,unlikethatofbilingualism,therelationshipbetweenthefirstlanguage~L1!andthesecondlanguage~L2!inthemindofalearnerhastraditionallybeenviewedfromaunidirectionalp
7、erspective+Thus,inadditiontootherfactorsshapingaL2,manyfeaturesoftheL2findtheiroriginintheL1~seeoverviewsinGass&Selinker,1992;Kellerman&SharwoodSmith,1986;Odlin,1989,2003!+MuchevidenceofL1influencehasbeengatheredfromstud-iesonspeechproduction,butrecentresearchhasalsosuggestedthatges-t
8、uresm
