Granger_Crosslinguistic_research英文文献资料.pdf

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1、1Comparableandtranslationcorporaincross-linguisticresearchDesign,analysisandapplicationsSylvianeGrangerCentreforEnglishCorpusLinguisticsUniversitécatholiquedeLouvain1.IntroductionThehistoryofContrastiveLinguisticshasbeencharacterizedbyapatternofsuccess-dec

2、line-success.ContrastiveLinguistics(CL)wasoriginallyapurelyappliedenterprise,aimingtoproducemoreefficientforeignlanguageteachingmethodsandtools.Basedonthegeneralassumptionthatdifferenceequalsdifficulty,CL,whichinthosedayswascalledContrastiveAnalysis(CA),co

3、nsistedinchartingareasofsimilarityanddifferencebetweenlanguagesandbasingtheteachingsyllabusonthecontrastivefindings.AdvancesintheunderstandingofSecondLanguageAcquisition(SLA)mechanismsledtoaquestioningoftheverybasisofCA.Interlingualfactorswerefoundtobeless

4、prevalentthanotherfactors,amongwhichintralingualmechanismssuchastheovergeneralizationoftargetrulesandexternalfactorssuchastheinfluenceofteachingmethodsorpersonalfactorslikemotivation.ThisledtothedeclineofCA,butnottoitsdeath.Atfirst,itgaverisetosomedrasticp

5、edagogicaldecisions,whichinsomecasesculminatedinatotalbanofthemothertongueinFLteaching.Butresearch(seeOdlin1989,Selinker1992,James1998)re-establishedtransferasamajor–ifnotthemajor–factorinSLA,whichinturnledtoaprogressive–albeitlimited–returnofcontrastiveco

6、nsiderationsinteaching.Moreimportantly,thequestioningofthecontrastiveapproachtoFLteachingdidnotimpedeitsextensiontootherfields.Theglobalisationofsocietyledtoanincreasedawarenessoftheimportanceofinterlingualandinterculturalcommunicationandplayedamajorrolein

7、therevivalofCL.Anotherfactorwhichhelpedboostcontrastivestudieswastheemergenceandrapiddevelopmentofcorpuslinguisticsandnaturallanguageprocessing,whichareincreasinglyfocusingoncross-linguisticissues.LargebilingualcorporagavecontrastivelinguistsandNLPspeciali

8、stsamuchmoresolidempiricalbasisthanhadeverbeenpreviouslyavailable.Previousresearchhadbeenlargelyintuition-based.Vinay&Darbelnet(1958/1995)andMalblanc(1968)arewell-knownexemplarsofthistypeofapproach.Astheautho