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1、REVIEWSAPPLICATIONSOFNEXT-GENERATIONSEQUENCINGThehumanmicrobiome:attheinterfaceofhealthanddiseaseIlseungCho1,2andMartinJ. Blaser1,2,3,4Abstract
2、Interestintheroleofthemicrobiomeinhumanhealthhasburgeonedoverthepastdecadewiththeadventofnewtechnologiesforinterrogatingcomplexmic
3、robialcommunities.Thelarge-scaledynamicsofthemicrobiomecanbedescribedbymanyofthetoolsandobservationsusedinthestudyofpopulationecology.Decipheringthemetagenomeanditsaggregategeneticinformationcanalsobeusedtounderstandthefunctionalpropertiesofthemicrobialcommunity.Boththemicr
4、obiomeandmetagenomeprobablyhaveimportantfunctionsinhealthanddisease;theirexplorationisafrontierinhumangenetics.Untilrecently,thepropertiesofthemicrobiotaofhumanssystemswithstrongphenotypesisessentialformak-MicrobiotaThemicrobialorganismsthat(formerlycalled‘thenormalflora’)w
5、erelargelyablackingprogressinthisfieldofappliedgenetics.Althoughconstitutethemicrobiome.Thebox.Cultivationin vitro,whichhasbeenthecornerstoneafocusonbacteriaisimportant,inquiriesaimedatcompositionofthemicrobiotaofmicrobiologysincethenineteenthcentury,cannotbearchaea,viruses
6、andretrovirusesarealso needed.inacommunitycanvaryappliedtomanyofthemostdenselypopulatedmicro-ThepurposeofthisReviewistodevelopthetheoreti-substantiallybetweenbialcommunities1.However,DNA-basedanalyseshavecalbasisforinvestigatinghowmicrobiomecompositionenvironmentalsites,amo
7、nghostnichesandbetweenexpandedourhorizonbygeneratingenormousnewdataandfunctionaffecthumanhealth.Weprovideexampleshealthanddisease.setsthatcanbeminedforinformationonthecomposi-ofapplyingthisknowledgetobetterunderstandhumantionandfunctionalpropertiesofvastlygreaternumbersheal
8、th,andwediscusshowmicrobiomechangescouldofmicrobialcommunities.Forexample,theHumanalterhost–microbiomeinteractionstomitigatedisease.MicrobiomeProject(HMP)2bytheUSNationalInstitutesWealsoconsiderthenextstepsinthedevelopmentofofHealthhasproduceda2.3terabyte16Sribosomalthisfie
9、ld,particularlyregardingtheneedtofocusontheRNAmetagenomicdatasetofover35billionrea
