Linux配置yum服务器

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Linux全攻略--yum服务器配置Yum（全称为YellowdogUpdater,Modified）是一个在Fedora中的shell前端软件包管理器。基于rpm包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软体包，无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装。　　软体包来源　　可供Yum下载的软体包包括fedora本身的软体包以及源自rpm.livna.org的FedoraExtras，全部是由Linux社区维护的，并且基本是自由软体。所有的包都有一个独立的GPG签名，主要是为了你的系统安全。而对于Fedoracore4.0的用户，rpm.livna.org的签名是自动导入并安装的。　　图形化前端Yum的图形化前端主要有yumex和kyum。它们并不是独立于Yum的，而是Yum的图形前端，也就是说在安装和使用Yumex和kyum同时，都是以Yum的安装和配置为基础；所以在用Yumex或kyum时，必须先安装配置Yum。一.做好准备工作.1.安装FTP,一般都是通过FTP来下载软件包.1.1在/mnt目录下创建cdrom，作为介质（光盘）挂载目录在虚拟机中插入Linux安装所用的ISO，将Devicestatus中的Connected选项打钩，由于光盘默认挂载到/dev/cdrom（我在/media目录下找到的）进入到光盘中的Server目录，运行vsftpd-2.0.5-16.el5.i386.rpm，安装，然后启动服务2.现在进行拷贝文件.把光盘里所有文件都拷贝到/var/ftp/pub/下.实际上只拷贝Server和VT两个文件过去就行删除*.html删除Server/repodata/TRANS.TBL删除VT/repodata/TRANS.TBL以上是建议删除的,不删除也可以.二.配置客户端 进去后添加如下内容.注意看清了内容很类似.配置文件内容简介：[]内的是仓库的名字name仓库的描述baseurl是你的YUM源地址,因为这里配置的是FTP,还可以是HTTP,FILE等enabled是否启用这个仓库，1为起用，0为禁用gpgcheck是否检查GPG签名（用来验证要安装的包是不是REDHAT官方的）GPGKEY的存放地址需要用下面的命令到入这个签名。才能使用这项功能 三.配置服务器安装createrepo工具，然后用这个工具生成YUM通用数据库.可看到一个是安装,两个操作,很类似的.也可以看到是成功的.这样就OK下四.下面看下yum的命令和进行测试.   1.yuminstall这里是安装下载的软件包,由于本实验没有提供FTP下载.  2.yumlocalinstall本地安装软件包,在这里本服务器做YUM源.看个例子.   [root@rhel5/]#yumlocalinstall/var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp*Loading"rhnplugin"pluginLoading"installonlyn"pluginThissystemisnotregisteredwithRHN.RHNsupportwillbedisabled.SettingupLocalPackageProcessExamining/var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpm:dhcp-12:3.0.5-3.el5.i386Examining/var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-devel-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpm:dhcp-devel-12:3.0.5-3.el5.i386Examining/var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm:dhcpv6-0.10-33.el5.i386Examining/var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6_client-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm:dhcpv6_client-0.10-33.el5.i386Marking/var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpmtobeinstalledSettinguprepositoriesReadingrepositorymetadatainfromlocalfilesMarking/var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-devel-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpmtobeinstalledSettinguprepositoriesReadingrepositorymetadatainfromlocalfilesMarking/var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpmtobeinstalledSettinguprepositoriesReadingrepositorymetadatainfromlocalfilesMarking/var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6_client-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpmtobeinstalledSettinguprepositoriesReadingrepositorymetadatainfromlocalfilesResolvingDependencies-->Populatingtransactionsetwithselectedpackages.Pleasewait.--->Packagedhcp.i38612:3.0.5-3.el5settobeupdated--->Packagedhcpv6.i3860:0.10-33.el5settobeupdated--->Packagedhcpv6_client.i3860:0.10-33.el5settobeupdated--->Packagedhcp-devel.i38612:3.0.5-3.el5settobeupdated-->RunningtransactioncheckDependenciesResolved============================================================================= Package                Arch      Version         Repository       Size=============================================================================Installing: dhcp                   i386      12:3.0.5-3.el5   /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpm 2.1M dhcp-devel             i386      12:3.0.5-3.el5  /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcp-devel-3.0.5-3.el5.i386.rpm 1.4M dhcpv6                 i386      0.10-33.el5     /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm 759k dhcpv6_client          i386      0.10-33.el5     /var/ftp/pub/Server/dhcpv6_client-0.10-33.el5.i386.rpm 161kTransactionSummary=============================================================================Install     4Package(s)        Update      0Package(s)        Remove      0Package(s)        Totaldownloadsize:4.4MIsthisok[y/N]:yDownloadingPackages:RunningTransactionTestFinishedTransactionTestTransactionTestSucceededRunningTransaction Installing:dhcp                        #########################[1/4] Installing:dhcpv6                      #########################[2/4] Installing:dhcpv6_client               #########################[3/4] Installing:dhcp-devel                  #########################[4/4]Installed:dhcp.i38612:3.0.5-3.el5dhcp-devel.i38612:3.0.5-3.el5dhcpv6.i3860:0.10-33.el5dhcpv6_client.i3860:0.10-33.el5Complete![root@rhel5/]# 3.yumupdate全部更新[root@rhel5/]#yumupdateLoading"rhnplugin"pluginLoading"installonlyn"pluginThissystemisnotregisteredwithRHN.RHNsupportwillbedisabled.SettingupUpdateProcessSettinguprepositoriesReadingrepositorymetadatainfromlocalfilesNoPackagesmarkedforUpdate/Obsoletion4.yumupdatepackage更新指定程序包package5.yumcheck-update[root@rhel5/]#yumcheck-updateLoading"rhnplugin" pluginLoading"installonlyn"pluginThissystemisnotregisteredwithRHN.RHNsupportwillbedisabled.SettinguprepositoriesReadingrepositorymetadatainfromlocalfilesck-update6.yuminfo显示安装包信息7.yumlist显示所有已经安装和可以安装的程序包8.yumlist显示指定程序包安装情况9.yumsearch查找软件包[root@rhel5/]#yumsearch"dhcp*"Loading"rhnplugin"pluginLoading"installonlyn"pluginThissystemisnotregisteredwithRHN.RHNsupportwillbedisabled.SettinguprepositoriesReadingrepositorymetadatainfromlocalfiles dhcpv6_client.i386                      0.10-33.el5           installed      Matchedfrom:dhcpv6_clientDHCPv6clientProvidestheclientfortheDHCPv6protocol(RFC3315)tosupportdynamicconfigurationofIPv6addressesandparameters.Seemandhcp6c(8),dhcp6c.conf(5),andthedocumentationin/usr/share/dhcpv6_client*.[url]http://dhcpv6.sourceforge.net/[/url] dhcp-devel.i386                         12:3.0.5-3.el5        installed      Matchedfrom:dhcp-develDevelopmentheadersandlibrariesforinterfacingtotheDHCPserverLibrariesforinterfacingwiththeISCDHCPserver.[url]http://isc.org/products/DHCP/[/url] dhcp.i386                               12:3.0.5-3.el5        installed      Matchedfrom:dhcpADHCP(DynamicHostConfigurationProtocol)serverandrelayagent.DHCP(DynamicHostConfigurationProtocol)isaprotocolwhichallowsindividualdevicesonanIPnetworktogettheirownnetworkconfigurationinformation(IPaddress,subnetmask,broadcastaddress,etc.)fromaDHCPserver.TheoverallpurposeofDHCPistomakeiteasiertoadministeralargenetwork. Thedhcppackageincludes theISCDHCPserviceandrelayagent.TouseDHCPonyournetwork,installaDHCPservice(orrelayagent),andonclientsrunaDHCPclientdaemon. ThedhcppackageprovidestheISCDHCPserviceandrelayagent.[url]http://isc.org/products/DHCP/[/url] dhcpv6.i386                             0.10-33.el5           installed      Matchedfrom:dhcpv6DHCPv6-DHCPserverandclientforIPv6ImplementstheDynamicHostConfigurationProtocol(DHCP)forInternetProtocolversion6(IPv6)networksinaccordancewithRFC3315:DynamicHostConfigurationProtocolforIPv6(DHCPv6).Consistsofdhcp6s(8),theserverDHCPdaemon,anddhcp6r(8),theDHCPv6relayagent.InstallthisifyouwanttosupportdynamicconfigurationofIPv6addressesandparametersonyourIPv6network.Seemandhcp6s(8),dhcp6r(8),dhcp6s.conf(5),andthedocumentationin/usr/share/doc/dhcpv6*.[url]http://dhcpv6.sourceforge.net/[/url][root@rhel5/]#10.yumremove|erasepackage1删除程序包 [root@rhel5/]#yumremove"dhcp*"Loading"rhnplugin"pluginLoading"installonlyn"pluginThissystemisnotregisteredwithRHN.RHNsupportwillbedisabled.SettingupRemoveProcessResolvingDependencies-->Populatingtransactionsetwithselectedpackages.Pleasewait.--->Packagedhcp.i38612:3.0.5-3.el5settobeerased--->Packagedhcpv6.i3860:0.10-33.el5settobeerased--->Packagedhcpv6_client.i3860:0.10-33.el5settobeerased--->Packagedhcp-devel.i38612:3.0.5-3.el5settobeerased-->RunningtransactioncheckDependenciesResolved============================================================================= Package                Arch      Version         Repository       Size=============================================================================Removing: dhcp                   i386      12:3.0.5-3.el5  installed        2.1 M dhcp-devel             i386      12:3.0.5-3.el5  installed        1.4M dhcpv6                 i386      0.10-33.el5     installed        759k dhcpv6_client          i386      0.10-33.el5     installed        161kTransactionSummary=============================================================================Install     0Package(s)        Update      0Package(s)        Remove      4Package(s)        Isthisok[y/N]:yDownloadingPackages:RunningTransactionTestFinishedTransactionTestTransactionTestSucceededRunningTransaction Removing :dhcp                        #########################[1/4] Removing :dhcpv6                      #########################[2/4] Removing :dhcpv6_client               #########################[3/4] Removing :dhcp-devel                  #########################[4/4]Removed:dhcp.i38612:3.0.5-3.el5dhcp-devel.i38612:3.0.5-3.el5dhcpv6.i3860:0.10-33.el5dhcpv6_client.i3860:0.10-33.el5Complete![root@rhel5/]#yum会把下载的软件包和header存储在cache中，而不会自动删除。如果觉得它们占用了磁盘空间，可以使用yumclean指令进行清除.yumcleanheaders清除headeryumcleanpackages清除下载的rpm包yumcleanall清除header与rpm包 基本完成,呵呵.