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1、INSTITUTEOFPHYSICSPUBLISHINGPHYSICSINMEDICINEANDBIOLOGYPhys.Med.Biol.49(2004)30673087PII:S0031-9155(04)75850-9Fastfree-formdeformableregistrationviacalculusofvariationsWeiguoLu1,Ming-LiChen2,GustavoHOlivera1,2,KennethJRuchala1andThomasRMackie1,21TomoTherapyIn
2、c.,1240DemingWay,Madison,WI53717,USA2UniversityofWisconsin-Madison,1300UniversityAvenueMadison,WI53705,USAE-mail:wlu@tomotherapy.comReceived5February2004Published28June2004Onlineatstacks.iop.org/PMB/49/3067doi:10.1088/0031-9155/49/14/003AbstractInthispaper,we
3、presentafullyautomatic,fastandaccuratedeformableregistrationtechnique.Thistechniquedealswithfree-formdeformation.Itminimizesanenergyfunctionalthatcombinesbothsimilarityandsmoothnessmeasures.Byusingcalculusofvariations,theminimizationproblemwasrepresentedasase
4、tofnonlinearellipticpartialdifferentialequations(PDEs).AGaussSeidelfinitedifferenceschemeisusedtoiterativelysolvethePDE.Theregistrationisrefinedbyamulti-resolutionapproach.Thewholeprocessisfullyautomatic.Ittakeslessthan3mintoregistertwothree-dimensional(3D)imag
5、esetsofsize256×256×61usingasingle933MHzpersonalcomputer.Extensiveexperimentsarepresented.Theseexperimentsincludesimulations,phantomstudiesandclinicalimagestudies.Experimentalresultsshowthatourmodelandalgorithmaresuitedforregistrationoftemporalimagesofadeforma
6、blebody.Theregistrationofinspirationandexpirationphasesofthelungimagesshowsthatthemethodisabletodealwithlargedeformations.WhenappliedtothedailyCTimagesofaprostatepatient,theresultsshowthatregistrationbasedoniterativerefinementofdisplacementfieldisappropriatetod
7、escribethelocaldeformationsintheprostateandtherectum.Similaritymeasuresimprovedsignificantlyaftertheregistration.Thetargetapplicationofthispaperisforradiotherapytreatmentplanningandevaluationthatincorporatesinternalorgandeformationthroughoutthecourseofradiatio
8、ntherapy.Theregistrationmethodcouldalsobeequallyappliedindiagnosticradiology.0031-9155/04/143067+21$30.00©2004IOPPublishingLtdPrintedintheUK30673068WLuetal1.IntroductionMedicalimageregist
