2、testhevalueofadecisionproblematacertainpointintimeintermsofthepayofffromsomeinitialchoicesandthevalueoftheremainingdecisionproblemthatresultsfromthoseinitialchoices.Thisbreaksadynamicoptimizationproblemintosimplersubproblems,asBellman's PrincipleofOptimality pre