A Passage to India的作品及背景介绍

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1、APassagetoIndia(1924)isanovelbyE.M.ForstersetagainstthebackdropoftheBritishRaj英属印度andtheIndianindependencemovementinthe1920s.Itwasselectedasoneofthe100greatworksofEnglishliteraturebytheModernLibraryandwonthe1924JamesTaitBlackMemorialPrize布莱克小说纪念奖forfiction.Time

2、magazineincludedthenovelinits"TIME100BestEnglish-languageNovelsfrom1923to2005““1923年至2005年最好的百部英语小说”.ThenovelisbasedonForster'sexperiencesinIndia.1.2HistoricalbackgroundoftheNovel1、E.M.ForsterwroteAPassagetoIndiain1924,thelastnovelthathepublishedduringhislifeti

3、me.ThenoveldiffersfromForster‘sothermajorworksinitsovert(公开的)politicalcontent,asopposedtothelightertone轻快的笔调andmoresubdued温和的politicalsubtextcontainedinhisotherworks.ThenoveldealswiththepoliticaloccupationofIndiabytheBritish,acolonialdominationthatendedafterthe

4、publicationofForster'stextandstillduringhislifetime.2、ThecolonialoccupationofIndiaisthebackgroundofthenovel.BritainoccupiedanimportantplaceinpoliticalaffairsinIndiasince1760,butdidnotsecurecontroloverIndiafornearlyacentury.InAugustof1858,duringaperiodofviolentr

5、evolt反抗againstBritainbytheIndians,theBritishParliamentpassedtheGovernmentofIndiaAct《印度政府法案》,transferringpoliticalpowerfromtheEastIndiaCompanytothecrown.Thiswasasystemofaloof,condescendingsovereignty这是一个典型的居高临下的英国殖民分离体系inwhichtheEnglishbureaucracydidnotassociate

6、withthepersonstheyruled,andfindsitsexpressionincharacterssuchasRonnyHeaslopandMr.McBrydeinAPassagetoIndia.3、Indiannationalismbegantofomentaround1885andnationalismfoundexpressionintheMuslimcommunityaswellaroundthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury.ReformsinIndia'spo

7、liticalsystemoccurredwiththevictoryoftheLiberalParty自由党in1906,culminatingintheIndianCouncilsAct《印度议会法案》of1909,butnationalismcontinuedtorise.4、Indiatookpartinthefirstworldwar,assistingtheBritishwiththeassumptionthatthishelpwouldleadtopoliticalconcessions让步,butev

8、enwiththepromiseafterthewarthatIndianswouldplayanincreasedroleintheirowngovernment,relationsbetweentheEnglishandIndiansdidnotimprove.Afterthewartensioncontinued;in1919hundre