资源描述：
《2014年职称英语完形填空cloze》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、TheDifferencebetweenManandComputer Whatmakespeopledifferentfromcomputerprograms?Whatisthemissingelementthatourtheoriesdon’tyetaccountfor?Theanswerissimple:Peoplereadnewspaperstoriesforareason:tolearnmoreaboutwhattheyareinterestedin.Computers,ontheotherhand,don't.Infac
2、t,computersdon'tevenhaveinterests;thereisnothinginparticularthattheyaretryingtofindoutwhentheyread.Ifacomputerprogramistobeamodelofstoryunderstanding,itshouldalsoreadfora"purpose". Ofcourse,peoplehaveseveralgoalsthatdonotmakesensetoattributetocomputers.Onemightreadare
3、staurantguideinordertosatisfyhungerorentertainmentgoals,ortofindagoodplacetogoforabusinesslunch.Computersdonotgethungry,andcomputersdonothavebusinesslunches. However,thesephysiologicalandsocialgoalsgiverisetoseveralintellectualorcognitivegoals.Agoaltosatisfyhungergive
4、srisetogoalstofindinformationaboutthenameofarestaurantwhichservesthedesiredtypeoffood,howexpensivetherestaurantis,thelocationoftherestaurant,etc.Thesearegoalstoacquireinformationorknowledge,whatwearecallinglearninggoals.Thesegoalscanbeheldbycomputerstoo;acomputermight"
5、want"tofindoutthelocationofarestaurant,andreadaguideinordertodosointhesamewayasapersonmight.Whilesuchagoalwouldnotariseoutofhungerinthecaseofthecomputer,itmightwellariseoutofthe"goal"tolearnmoreaboutrestaurants.LookonTheBrightSide Doyoueverwishyouweremoreoptimistic,so
6、meonewhoalwaysexceptedtobesuccessful?Havingsomeonearoundwhoalwaysfearstheworstisn’treallyalotoffun.Weallknowsomeonewhoseesasinglecloudonasunnydayandsays,"Itlookslikerain."Butifyoucatchyourselfthinkingsuchthings,it'simportanttodosomethingaboutit. Youcanchangeyourviewof
7、life,accordingtopsychologists.Itonlytakesalittleeffort,andyou'llfindlifemorerewardingasaresult.Optimism,theysay,ispartlyaboutself-respectandconfidencebutit'salsoamorepositivewayoflookingatlifeandallithastooffer.Optimistsaremorelikelytostartnewprojectsandaregenerallymor
8、epreparedtotakerisks. Upbringingisobviouslyveryimportantinformingyourattitudetotheworld.Somepeoplearebroughtuptodepe
