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1、wegn_fm.qxd11/30/0112:12PMPageiTheIllusionofConsciousWillThispageintentionallyleftblankwegn_fm.qxd11/30/0112:12PMPageiiiTheIllusionofConsciousWillDanielM.WegnerBradfordBooksTheMITPressCambridge,MassachusettsLondon,Englandwegn_fm.qxd11/30/0112:12PMPageiv©2002MassachusettsInstituteofTec
2、hnologyAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformbyanyelectronicormechanicalmeans(includingphotocopying,recording,orinformationstorageandretrieval)withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.ThisbookwassetinSabonbyInteractiveCompositionCorporationandwasprintedandboundin
3、theUnitedStatesofAmerica.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataWegner,DanielM.,1948–Theillusionofconsciouswill/DanielM.Wegner.p.cm.“ABradfordbook.”Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-262-23222-7(hc:alk.paper)1.Will.2.Freewillanddeterminism.I.Title.BF611.W382002153.
4、8—dc212001054608wegn_fm.qxd11/30/0112:12PMPagevAleafwasrivenfromatree,“Imeantofalltoearth,”saidhe.Thewestwind,rising,madehimveer.“Eastward,”saidhe,“Inowshallsteer.”Theeastwindrosewithgreaterforce.Saidhe:“’Twerewisetochangemycourse.”Withequalpowertheycontend.Hesaid:“MyjudgmentIsuspend.
5、”Downdiedthewinds;theleaf,elate,Cried:“I’vedecidedtofallstraight.”AmbroseBierce,TheDevil’sDictionary(1911)Thispageintentionallyleftblankwegn_fm.qxd11/30/0112:13PMPageviiContentsPrefaceix1TheIllusion1Itusuallyseemsthatweconsciouslywillourvoluntaryactions,butthisisanillusion.2BrainandBo
6、dy29Consciouswillarisesfromprocessesthatarepsychologicallyandanatomicallydistinctfromtheprocesseswherebymindcreatesaction.3TheExperienceofWill63Theexperienceofconsciouswillariseswhenweinferthatourconsciousintentionhascausedourvoluntaryaction,althoughbothintentionandactionarethemselves
7、causedbymentalprocessesthatdonotfeelwilled.4AnAnalysisofAutomatism99Theexperienceofwillcanbereducedtoverylowlevelsundercertainconditions,evenforactionsthatarevoluntary,purposive,andcomplex—andwhatremainsisautomatism.5ProtectingtheIllusion145Theillusionofwillissocompellingthatitcanprom
8、ptthe
