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1、TheFutureofanIllusionFreud,S.(1927).TheFutureofanIllusion.TheStandardEditionoftheCompletePsychologicalWorksofSigmundFreud,VolumeXXI(1927-1931):TheFutureofanIllusion,CivilizationanditsDiscontents,andOtherWorks,1-56IWhenonehaslivedforquitealongtimeinaparticul
2、arcivilization1andhasoftentriedtodiscoverwhatitsoriginswereandalongwhatpathithasdeveloped,onesometimesalsofeelstemptedtotakeaglanceintheotherdirectionandtoaskwhatfurtherfateliesbeforeitandwhattransformationsitisdestinedtoundergo.Butonesoonfindsthatthevalueo
3、fsuchanenquiryisdiminishedfromtheoutsetbyseveralfactors.Aboveall,becausethereareonlyafewpeoplewhocansurveyhumanactivityinitsfullcompass.Mostpeoplehavebeenobligedtorestrictthemselvestoasingle,orafew,fieldsofit.Butthelessamanknowsaboutthepastandthepresentthem
4、oreinsecuremustprovetobehisjudgementofthefuture.Andthereisthefurtherdifficultythatpreciselyinajudgementofthiskindthesubjectiveexpectationsoftheindividualplayapartwhichitisdifficulttoassess;andtheseturnouttobedependentonpurelypersonalfactorsinhisownexperienc
5、e,onthegreaterorlesseroptimismofhisattitudetolife,asithasbeendictatedforhimbyhistemperamentorbyhissuccessorfailure.Finally,thecuriousfactmakesitselffeltthatingeneralpeopleexperiencetheirpresentnaïvely,asitwere,withoutbeingabletoformanestimateofitscontents;t
6、heyhavefirsttoputthemselvesatadistancefromit—thepresent,thatistosay,musthavebecomethepast—beforeitcanyieldpointsofvantagefromwhichtojudgethefuture.Thusanyonewhogiveswaytothetemptationtodeliveranopinionontheprobablefutureofourcivilizationwilldowelltoremindhi
7、mselfofthedifficultiesIhavejustpointedout,aswellasoftheuncertaintythatattachesquitegenerallytoanyprophecy.Itfollowsfromthis,sofarasIamconcerned,thatIshallmakeahastyretreatbeforeataskthatistoogreat,andshallpromptlyseekoutthesmalltractofterritorywhichhasclaim
8、edmyattentionhitherto,assoonasIhavedetermineditspositioninthegeneralschemeofthings.Humancivilization,bywhichImeanallthoserespectsin—————————————1[SeeEditor'sNote,p.4.]-5-whichhumanlifehasraiseditselfab
