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1、October9,201214:21PSPBook-9inx6in04-Edith-Svendsen-c04Chapter4Self-AssemblingPeptideNanostructures:TowardsBioactiveArtificialProteinNanomaterialsYong-beomLimDepartmentofMaterialsScience&Engineering,YonseiUniversity,50Yonsei-ro,Seoul,120-749,Koreayblim@yonsei.ac.kr4.1IntroductionProteinsareperhapson
2、eofthemostdiverseandcomplexstructuresinnature.Thefunctionaldiversityofproteinsisverybroad.Enzymesperformcatalyticfunctions,convertingsubstratesintoproductswithanincrediblespeedandspecificitycomparedwithcommonorganicreactions.Therearestructuralproteinsinthecytoskeletonandextracellularmatrixthatarere
3、sponsibleformaintainingcellshape,intracellulartransport,cellmotility,andcelladhesion.Membraneproteinsormembrane-associatedproteinsperformfunctionssuchastransportandenzymaticactivities.Inaddition,therearemanyexamplesofproteinsthathavecharacter-isticfunctionsandstructuralroles.Becauseofsuchfunctiona
4、land©2012byTaylor&FrancisGroup,LLCOctober9,201214:21PSPBook-9inx6in04-Edith-Svendsen-c0494Self-AssemblingPeptideNanostructuresstructuraldiversityofproteins,itisdifficulttocapturetheirim-portantfeatureswithinanyoneclassificationscheme.Furthermore,post-translationalmodificationssuchasglycosylation,phosp
5、hory-lation,andubiquitinationfurthercomplicatethefunctionalandstructuraldiversityofproteins.Proteins,similartosyntheticpolymers,areinfactpolymericmolecules.However,proteinshavemanyuniquecharacteristicscomparedtosyntheticpolymers.Oneofthemostsalientfeaturesofproteinsisthateachproteinformsauniquethr
6、ee-dimensionalstructurethatisdeterminedbytheiraminoacidsequence.Anypolypeptidechaincontainingnresiduescould,inprinciple,foldinto8nconformations[1].However,proteinsynthesismachinerypro-videsamechanismforcorrectlyfoldinganascentpolypeptidechainwithremarkablyhighaccuracyandefficiency.Therefore,allprote
7、inmoleculesgenerallyadoptonlyasinglethree-dimensionalstructure.Whencomparedtosyntheticpolymers,anotherimportantcharac-teristicfeatureofproteinsismonodispersityinmolecularweight.Duetothismonodisperseproperty,lot-t
