Opportunistic routing for wireless ad hoc and sensor networks Present and future directions

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1、MOUFTAHLAYOUT11/18/0912:05PMPage103ADHOCANDSENSORNETWORKSOpportunisticRoutingforWirelessAdHocandSensorNetworks:PresentandFutureDirectionsHaitaoLiuandBaoxianZhang,ChineseAcademyofSciencesHusseinT.Mouftah,UniversityofOttawaXiaojunShen,UniversityofMissouri—KansasCityJianMa,NokiaResearchCenterABSTRACTre

2、ceivedagreatdealofattentionandresearchwork.ThekeyideabehindOR(alsocalledOpportunisticroutinghasrecentlyattractedopportunisticforwarding)istoovercomethemuchattentionasitisconsideredapromisingdrawbackofunreliablewirelesstransmissiondirectionforimprovingtheperformanceofwire-bytakingadvantageofthebroadc

3、astnatureoflessadhocandsensornetworks.Withoppor-thewirelessmediumsuchthatonetransmis-tunisticrouting,intermediatenodescollaboratesioncanbeoverheardbymultipleneighbors.onpacketforwardinginalocalizedandconsis-Theforwardingtaskcancontinueaslongasattentmanner.Opportunisticroutinggreatlyleastoneneighbora

4、longaroutereceivestheincreasestransmissionreliabilityandnetworkpacket.IthasbeenshownthatORimprovesthroughputbytakingadvantageofthebroadcastperformanceoverthatoftraditionalbestpathnatureofthewirelessmedium.Inthisarticlewerouting.firstillustratethebasicideabehindopportunisticAsanexample,adirectedgraph

5、inFig.1routing,andthencategorizecurrentresearchrepresentsawirelessnetworkinwhichalinkworkbasedondifferentcriteria.Weillustrate(x,y)hasadeliveryprobabilityP(x,y).Thetra-howdifferentprotocolswork,anddiscusstheirditionalroutingachievesonly20percentend-meritsanddrawbacks.Finally,wepointoutto-enddelivery

6、probabilityforanypossiblepotentialissuesandfuturedirectionsinoppor-routingpathfromnodestonodet.However,tunisticroutingforwirelessadhocandsensoranORapproachcalledrelay-basedopportunis-networks.ticforwardingcouldachieveadeliveryproba-bilityof(1–(1–20percent)5)≈67percentifINTRODUCTIONallfiveneighborsof

7、sareselectedasrelaycan-didates.Asanotherexample,Fig.2illustratesRoutingiscrucialinwirelessadhocaswellashowopportunisticforwardingcanaffectansensornetworks.Thetasksofroutingincludeentireroutingpath.For