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1、5MengziandGaozionNeiandWaiKIM-CHONGCHONGTHEDEBATEbetweenMengziandGaoziinBook6oftheMengzihasbeencontroversial.Forinstance,D.C.Lauhasarguedthatitiswrongtothinkthat“Mencius...couldhaveindulgedcon-sistentlyinwhatappearstobepointlessargumentorthathisoppo-nentswerealwayseff
2、ectivelysilencedbynonsequiturs.”1Butitispre-ciselythisthatMengziisguiltyof,accordingtoChadHansen.2Morefamously,ArthurWaleystates,“Asacontroversialisthe[Mengzi]isnugatory.Thewholediscussion(BookVI)aboutwhetherGoodnessandDutyareinternalorexternalisamassofirrelevantanalo
3、gies,mostofwhichcouldequallywellbeusedtodisprovewhattheyareintendedtoprove.”3A.C.GrahamcreditsLauwithconvertinghimfromsharingthispointofview.4Giventhesecontradictoryviews,itistimelytolookatthede-bateafresh.AmajorfeatureofitistheuseofanalogiesbybothMengziandGaozi.Ishal
4、ldrawoutcertainassumptionsandimplica-tionsoftheseanalogiesthathavenotbeensufficientlyclarified.Asweshallsee,MengzifailstorefuteGaoziin6A1,6A2,and6A3.Buttherealissueemergesin6A4and6A5,wherethetermsneiandwai,or“internal”and“external,”areprominent.5Itiscrucialtonotethatthe
5、yareintroducedbyGaoziandquestionedbyMengzi.Throughtheanalogiesoffoodanddrink,Mengziexposesthesen-soryandappetitiveassumptionsbehindGaozi’suseoftheseterms.6Thisthrowsdoubtonwhetherneiandwai,asunderstoodbyGaozi,canbeappliedtoshowthatrenisinternalandyiisexternal.AsfarasI
6、amaware,nocommentatorhasseenthedebateinthislight.103104KIM-CHONGCHONGInstead,theyhavesimplyassumedthatMengziagreeswithGaozithatrenisinternal,butdisagreesthatyiisexternal.Onmyinterpre-tation,however,MengziisquestioningGaozi’sapplicationof“inter-nal”and“external”tobothr
7、enandyiandshowingthatithasabsurdconsequences.7Ishallassumesomefamiliaritywiththedebateonthepartofthereaderandshallnotreproducethepassagesinfull.Thereisaprogressionofargumentthatisbestdisplayedintermsofpara-phrase.AlthoughreferenceshallbemadetoLau’spaperbecauseofitscen
8、tralityinthecontroversy,myaimistoanalyzetheargumentsbetweenGaoziandMengzisoastorevealtheirphilosophicalunder-pinnings.Thus,i
