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1、molecularpopulationgeneticsandevolutionMOLECULARI'OPULATIONGENETICSANDEVOLUTIONNORTH-HOLLANDRESEARCHMONOGRAPHSFRONTIERSOFBIOLOGYVOLUME40UndertheGeneralEditorshipofA.NEUBERGERLondonandE.L.TATUMNewYorkNORTH-HOLLANDPUBLISHINGCOMPANYAMSTERDAM.OXFORDMOLECULARPOPULA
2、TIONGENETICSANDEVOLUTIONMASATOSHINEICenterforDenlogruphicandPopulationGeneticsUniversityofTexasatHoustortNORTH-HOLLANDPUBLISHINGCOMPANY,AMSTERDAMOXFORDAMERICANELSEVIERPUBLISHINGCOMPANY,INC.-NEWYORK@North-HollmdPublishingCompany-1975ANrightsreserved.Nopartofthi
3、sprlblicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsysteni,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutthepriorperrnissionofthecopyrightowner.LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:74-84734North-HollanrlISBNforthi
4、sseries:0720471001North-HollanclISBNforthisvolume:0720471419AmericanElsevierISBN:0444107517PUBLISHERS:NORTH-HOLLANDPUBLISHINGCOMPANY-AMSTERDAMNORTH-HOLLANDPUBLISHINGCOMPANYLTD.-OXFORDSOLEDISTRIBUTORSFORTI-IEU.S.A.ANDCANADA:AMERICANELSEVIERPUBLISHINGCOMPANY,INC
5、.52VANDERBILTAVENUE,NEWYORK,N.Y.10017PRINTEDINTllENETHERLANDSGotoCONTENTSGeneralprefaceTheaimofthepublicationofthisseriesofmonographs,knownunderthecollectivetitleof'FrontiersofBiology',istopresentcoherentandup-to-dateviewsofthefundamentalconceptswhichdominatem
6、odernbiology.Biologyinitswidestsensehasmadeverygreatadvancesduringthepastdecade,andtherateofprogresshasbeensteadilyaccelerating.Undoubtedlyimportantfactorsinthisaccelerationhavebeentheeffectiveusebybiologistsofnewtechniques,includingelectronmicroscopy,isotopic
7、labels,andagreatvarietyofphysicalandchemicaltechniques,especiallythosewithvaryingdegreesofautomation.Inaddition,scientistswithpartlyphysicalorchemicalbackgroundshavebecomeinterestedinthegreatvarietyofprob-lemspresentedbylivingorganisms.Mostsignificant,however,
8、increasinginterestinandunderstandingofthebiologyofthecell,especiallyinregardtothemoleculareventsinvolvedingeneticphenomenaandinmetabolismanditscontrol,haveledtotherecognitionofpatt
