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1、Philosophers’volume11,no.4Imprintmarch20111.IntroductionIamwritingamediocrepaperonatopicyouarenotparticularlyinter-estedin.Youdon’thave,itseemssafetoassume,a(normative)reasontoreadmydraft.Ithenaskwhetheryouwouldbewillingtohavealookandtellmewhatyouthink.Suddenlyyoudohavea(normat
2、ive)GivingPracticalreasontoreadmydraft.Whatexactlyhappenedhere?Yourhavingthereasontoreadmydraft—indeed,theveryfactthatthereissuchareason—depends,itseems,onmyhavingaskedyoutoreadit.Bymyasking,Imanagedtomakeitthecasethatyouhavesuchareason,orReasonstogiveyouthereasontoreadthedraft
3、.Whatdoessuchreason-givingconsistin?Andhowisitthatwecandoit?Isitakindofnormativemagic?Especiallyifreasonsareinanimportantsenseobjectiveandautonomous,howisitthatbysheeractsofwillwecanbringthemintobeing,changetheirforce,andperhapseveneliminatethem?1If,asseemslikely,“reasonmustcon
4、strainandguidethewill”,howisitthatwecancreatereasonsatwill,forinstancebymakingarequest?2Requestsdonotexhaust,ofcourse,thespaceofreason-giving.Somethingrathersimilarseemstobegoingonwhen,forinstance,anauthorityissuesacommand,therebygivingtheaddresseea(perhapsspecialkindof)reasont
5、oactinacertainway,areasonthatwasnotDavidEnochtherebeforethecommand.AndwhenIpromise,oneofthethingsIseemtobedoingisgivemyselfareason(perhapsofaspecialkind)toactinacertainway,areasonthatwasnottherebeforethepromise.3TheHebrewUniversityNowmorecontroversially,perhapsbyforminganintent
6、ionIgivemy-selfareasonthatwasnottherebeforetofollowthroughonthatinten-tion.Andtheremaybeothercasesaswell.4Alloftheseseem—quite1.Forthelocusclassicusofthoughtsonpromisesandmagic,seeHume’sTrea-tise3.2.5.2.Forthiswayofputtingthingsinacloselyrelatedcontext,seeWatson(2009,p.158).3.I
7、nthecontextofadiscussionofpromises,Watson(2009,p.160)noticesthat©2011DavidEnochtheyareaparticularinstanceofamuchwiderphenomenon.4.Perhaps,forinstance,byapologizing,onegivesreasonstoforgive.(IthankdavidenochGivingPracticalReasonspre-theoretic
8、ally—tohavesomethingincommontothem.(InSectionperhaps,o
