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1、DaoisminChinaToday,1980–2002*LaiChi-TimABSTRACTDrawingonDaoistAssociationsources,fieldworkandinterviews,thisarticleanalysessomemajoraspectsofDaoisminChinatoday.ItfirstpresentstherevivalofdestroyedDaoisttemples,thereturnofliturgicalactivitiesinDaoisttemplesandtheestablis
2、hmentoftrainingclassesforyoungDaoists.ItalsodiscussestherestorationofordinationsofDaoistsattheQuanzhenmonasteryBaiyunguanandtheHallsofZhengyiTianshiatLonghushan.BasedupontheNationalDaoistAssociationsstatisticsfrom1996,therewereabout20,000Daoistpriestswholiveathome,cal
3、ledsanjudaoshi,whoperformDaoistritualoutsidemonasteriesinlocalcommunitiesacrossChina.Despitethestatespolicyofcontrollingsanjudaoshi,therevivalofDaoistritualtraditioninvillagetemplesinChinatodayrevealsthatDaoismisstillverymuchaliveinChinesecommunities.Daoismhasremained
4、acentralpartofthedailylifeoftheChinesepeople.AlthoughthecategoryofDaoismhasdifferentcontentsfordifferentscholars,suchastheaspectsrelatingtophilosophicalmysticism,mythology,immortals,nourishinglife,meditationandliturgies,Daoismcanbeseenasareligiousandliturgicalinstitut
5、ionprofoundlyrootedin1thesocialbodyofthelocalcommunities.FromMingtimeson,Daoismcomprisedtwomainschools:thatoftheZhengyiHeavenlyMasters,passedonhereditarilysincetheHandynastyinthesecondcenturyAD,andthatoftheschoolofTotalPerfection(Quanzhen).Theformerfosteredlocalcommun
6、itiesandtempleorganizationsandprovided2themwiththeirliturgicalframeworkandritualspecialists,whilethelatterwasbased,ontheBuddhistmodel,inmonasticcommunities.Thisarticledrawsonthreemainsourcesofreferencematerialthatarehelpfulinunderstandingtherecentsituationanddevelopme
7、ntofDaoisminChinaafteryearsofsuppressionundertheruleofthePeoples3Republic.ThefirstismyownobservationduringthepastthreeyearswhilecarryingoutresearchintoDaoisminChina.IhavevisitedDaoist*ThisarticleisbasedonaresearchprojectentitledHistoryofHeavenlyMasterDaoismintheSixDyna
8、stiesPeriod.TheprojectwasgenerouslyfundedbytheResearchGrantsCounciloftheUniversitiesGrantsCommittee(ref.CUHK4019/99H).Iwould