Comparison of Four ChronicToxicityTests Using Algae, Bacteria, and

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1、EcotoxicologyandEnvironmentalSafety47,186±194(2000)EnvironmentalResearch,SectionBdoi:10.1006/eesa.2000.1966,availableonlineathttp://www/idealibrary.comonComparisonofFourChronicToxicityTestsUsingAlgae,Bacteria,andInvertebratesAssessedwithSixteenChemical

2、sPascalRadix,*MarcLeÂonard,{ChristosPapantoniou,{GillesRoman,{ErwanSaouter,}SophieGallotti-Schmitt,

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4、,1HerveÂThieÂbaud,}andPauleVasseur**CentredesSciencesdel'Environnement,UFRSciences,EBSE,rueDelestraint,57070Metz,France;{L'OreÂal,1avenueE.Schueller,93

5、601AulnaysousBois,France;{RhoÃne-Poulenc,24avenueJ.JaureÁs,69153DeÂcinesCharpieu,France;}Procter&Gamble,Temselaan100,1853StrombeekBever,Belgium;

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7、Chimie&Ecologie,28rueStDominique,75007Paris,France;and}Elf-Atochem,95rueDanton,92303LevalloisPerretcedex,F

8、ranceReceivedDecember28,1999Thankstotheirsensitivityandecologicalrelevancy,short-Theperformancesoffourchronictoxicitytests,comprisingtermlife-cyclebioassaysareofinterestfromallecotox-theDaphniamagna21-day(d)(crustacean),Brachionusicologicalperspectives

9、,particularlywhentestingunstablecalyci¯orus2-d(rotifer),Pseudokirchneriellasubcapitata72-hsampleslikeeuents.Algae,bacteria,andaquatic(greenalgae),andtheMicrotoxchronic22-h(bacteria)tests,invertebratesareattractiveorganismsbecausetheirgen-werecompared.S

10、ixteenchemicalswithtoxicitycovering6erationspansareshorterthanthoseofhigherorganismsordersofmagnitudewerestudied.VeryhighcorrelationswerefoundbetweentheNOEC/EC10Pseudokirchneriella72-h,suchas®sh.Moreover,microbiotestsrequiresmallerNOEC/EC10Brachionus2-

11、d,andtheNOECDaphnia21-dvolumesfortesting,whichisusefulforecotoxicityscreen-tests.Thetoxicologicalresponseofrotifersandmicroalgaewereingandenvironmentalbiomonitoring.withinthesameorderofmagnitudeastheresponseofDaphniaInthisarticlefourchronictoxicitytest

12、sarecomparedin80%ofcases(13/16chemicals).TheMicrotoxchronictestregardingtheirperformance,cost,andsimplicity.ThealsoanticipatedtheoverallresultsoftheDaphnia21-dtest,butDaphnia21-day(d)testcanberequiredbytheEuropeanthepredictionwasratheri