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1、1434Experientia36(1980),Birkh~_userVerlag,Basel(Schweiz)MicrobiologyandbiochemistryofmethanogensbyR.S.WolfeDepartmentofMicrobiology,UniversityofIllinois,Urbana,Illinois61801(USA)Thetopichasrecentlybeenreviewedbytheauthor:R.S.Wolfe,Methanogens:asurprisingmicrobialgroup.AntonievanLeeuwenhoek45,3
2、53(1979).R.S.WolfeandI.J.Higgins,Microbialbiochemistryofmethane-astudyincontrasts.Int.Rev.Biochem.(Microb.Biochem.)21,268(1979).W.E.Balch,G.E.Fox,L.J.Magrum,C.R.WoeseandR.S.Wolfe,Methanogens:reevaluationofauniquebiologicalgroup.Microbiol.Rev.43,260(1979).Formationofethanolbybacteria.Apledgefor
3、theuseofextremethermophilicanaerobicbacteriainindustrialethanolfermentationprocessesbyJ.Wiegel~Institutf~rMikrobiologiederGesellschaftfftrStrahlen-undUmweltforsehungmbHMfmehen,Grisebaehstrasse8,D-3400GOttingen(FederalRepublicofGermany)Summary.Manyanaerobic,facultativelyanaerobicandevensomestri
4、ctlyaerobicmicroorganismsformvariousamountsofethanolfromglucose.Onlyfewmesophilicandextremethermophilicbacteriafermentglucosestoichiometricallyto2ethanoland2carbondioxid.Biotechnologicalprocessesatelevatedtemperaturesseemadvantageousinmanyrespects.Hence,thermophilesandextremethermophilescanpot
5、entiallysubstituteforyeastinethanolproductiononanindustrialscale.Advantagesanddisadvantagesofthermophilicmixedculturesandofpotentiallyusefulorganismsarediscussed.Allovertheworldnumeroussymposiaandconven-inyeastfermentationsarea)aeration,sinceyeasttionsareheldtodiscuss'theenergycrisis'.Manynewn
6、eedssome02forcellwallsynthesis,butaerobicideasandconceptstoimprovetheenergyconversionconditionslowertheethanolyield(Pasteureffect)andprocesseshavebeenpublished.Highlyindustrializedconcomitantlyleadtoanincreasedproductionofcountriesandthoseapproachingthisstatustrytobiomass,b)thecoolingoflargefe
7、rmentersbelowbecomeindependentfromoil.Duetotheraisedoil39.6~sinceyeastiskilledabovethattemperature,pricesoldprocessesarebecominginterestingandandc)thelimitedspectrumofresources,sincethefeasibleagain.Oneoftheseoldprocessesistheethanol-pr
