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1、ChapterTenMassMediaandTransnationalSubjectivityinShanghai:Noteson(Re)Cosmopolitanismin1aChineseMetropolisMayfairMei-huiYangInthinkingaboutthehistoryoftheRomanEmpire,MarshallMcLuhannotedthatwritingandpavedroadsbroughtabout“thealterationofsocialgroupings,a
2、ndtheformationofnewcommunities”(McLuhan1994,90).TheyenabledtheformationofanempirethatbrokedowntheoldGreekcity-statesandfeudalrealmsinfavorofcentralizedcontrolatadistance.AsimilarprocesscanbeseeninthehistoryoftheChineseempire,wherewritingenabledthebureauc
3、racytoholdtogetherdiverseethnicandlinguisticgroupings.However,itiswithmodernityanditsnewmassmediathatlocalandkinshipidentitiescometoberadicallydissolvedbyamorepowerfulnationalspaceofidentity.AnthonyGiddenshasnotedthatanimportantfeatureofmodernityisthe“di
4、sembeddingofsocialsystems,”orthe“‘liftingout’ofsocialrelationsfromlocalcontextsofinteractionandtheirrestructuringacrossinfinitespansoftimespace”(Giddens1990,21).Intwentieth-centuryChina,themassmedia’sdisembeddingoperationshaveconstitutedfirstanewnational
5、communityandthenapowerfulstatesubjectivity.Thisessayisaninitialinquiryintoathirddisembeddingprocess:thereemergenceofatransnationalChineseglobalmediapublicanditseffectsonthemodernistprojectofthenation-state.BenedictAnderson’s(1991)thesisthatanation,aunito
6、fidentificationlargerthanavillage,localcommunity,orregion,couldbeconceptualizedonlythroughthemediumofmassprintsuchasnewspapersandnovelsisborneoutbyChina’searly-twentieth-centuryexperience,inwhichprintculturewasintricatelytiedinwithMayfourth,republican,an
7、dCommunist2nationalism.However,thepointIwouldliketomakeisthatthemass287Part4TheSelf-MakingandBeing-MadeofTransnationalSubjectivitiesmediaarevehiclesforimaginingnotonlythenationbutalsothelargerspacebeyondthenationalborders—thatis,thewiderworld.Thistransna
8、tionalaspectofmediamustnotbeneglected,becauseitharborspotentialsforliberationfromhegemonicnationalismandstatism.Althoughbothnationalismandinternationalismcomposedthenarrativesofmodernity,nationalismexertedamuchmorepowerful
