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1、FreeWill,Evil,andSaintAnselmSiobhanNash-MarshallManhattanvilleCollegeInthislectureIconcentrateononeofthequestionsthatanadequatedefinitionoffreedommustaddress.Thequestionisonewithwhichmanycontemporarythinkersarecurrentlyconcerned:needonehavealternatepossiblecoursesofact
2、ioninordertobefree?Thisquestionadmitsofmanyformulations.ThespecificformulationwhichIaddressinthislectureis:mustIgenuinelybereadytotakeeitheroneoftwopossiblecoursesofaction—toperformornottoperformagivenact—inorderformytakingeitheroneofthesecoursesofactiontobefree?Thisqu
3、estionisadmittedlyjustasmallpartoftheproblemofdefiningfreedom.Neverthelessitisacrucialpartoftheproblemofdefiningfreedom.ItisalsoapartoftheproblemoffreedomaboutwhichSaintAnselmhadagreatdealtosay.Idonotthinkthatallwhochoosewrongroadsperish;buttheirrescueconsistsinbeingpu
4、tbackontherightroad.Asumcanbeputright:butonlybygoingbacktillyoufindtheerrorandworkingit1afreshfromthatpoint,neversimplybygoingon.SaintAnselmhassufferedastrangefateinthecontemporaryworld.Heisnotjusttheonlythinker,tomyknowledge,whoisknownbythreedifferentnamesinthreediffe
5、rentpartsoftheworld:AnselmofCanterbury,AnselmofBec,andAnselmofAosta.Thisiscertainlystrangeenoughinitsownright.WhatismorestrangebyfaristhatAnselmisextolledbymuchofthecontemporaryChristianphilosophicalworldforthebrillianceofhisontologicalproofoftheexistenceofGod—theProsl
6、ogionproof—whiletherestofhisworkisbyandlargeignoredbymuchofthatsameworld.Anselm,manyseemtothink,isaoneproofwonder!WhatIwouldliketodointhislecture,partlybecausetherereallyisagreatdealmoretoAnselm’sthoughtthanthefirstchaptersoftheProslogion,partlyoutoflovefortheproblemsw
7、ithwhichAnselmengaged,partlyoutofgratitudetoandadmirationforAnselmhimself,andpartlyoutofconcernforourowntime,istopullanothergemoutoftheAnselmiandrawer,sotospeak,andwithitattempttoshedsomelightonatroublesomeproblem.Iwouldlike,tonight,todiscussAnselm’sdoctrineoffreedom.F
8、reedomhasbecomeaconsiderableproblemforus.Thisisnotjustbecausetherearematerialistdeterministswhowouldrathervociferousl
