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1、EssaysAlternativeEnergySourcesBeyondOilandGas:TheMethanolEconomy**GeorgeA.Olah*Keywords:environmentalchemistry·hydrocarbons·hydrogen·methanolOilandnaturalgastogetherwithcoal,purposesbeganslowlyandbecamesignificant,butwillnotfundamentallythemainfossilfuel
2、s,notonlyremainourmorewidespreadinthe16thand17thchangethelong-rangeoutlook.majorenergysourcesbuttheyarealsocenturiesmainlyinEnglandasare-Besidespetroleumoilandnaturalthefeedstocksforagreatvarietyofplacementforwood,whichwasbecom-gas(andalsocoal),wehaveadd
3、itionalmanmadematerialsandproductsthatingscarcer.Coalbecamedominantinsourcesof“heavy”hydrocarbons,suchrangefromgasolineanddieseloiltothe18thcenturywiththeinventionofasheavy-oildepositsinVenezuela,oilvariedpetrochemicalandchemicalthesteamengineandtheindus
4、trialshalesinvariousgeologicalformationsproducts,includingsyntheticmaterials,revolution,whichwasalsofueledbyincludingtheUSRockyMountains,andplastics,andpharmaceuticals.Whatna-coal,thatfollowed.Inthe19thand20thvasttarsanddepositsintheCanadianturegaveusasa
5、gift,formedoverthecenturies,coalcontinuedtosatisfytheprovinceAlberta.Therelativelystablecourseofeons,isbeingusedupratherever-increasingenergydemandofman-hydratesofmethane,asfoundundertherapidly.Fossilfuelscontinuetobekind,andtodayitisusedprimarilyforSibe
6、riantundrasandalongtheconti-[1]significantlydepletedandwillbecomegeneratingelectricity.Whereasournentalshelvesoftheoceans,representincreasinglycostly.Thusweneedtocoalreservesmaylastforanothertwosignificantpossibilitiesfornaturalgassearchfornewsourcesands
7、olutions.orthreecenturies,theminingofcoaldepositsinthefuture.TheywillallAllfossilfuelsaremixturesofhy-(exceptinareassuitedforsurfacestripeventuallybeexploited,althoughthedrocarbons,whichcontainvaryingratiosmining)isincreasinglyaffectedbysocio-difficultie
8、sandexpenseinvolvedareofcarbonandhydrogen.Upontheireconomical,safety,andenvironmentalextensive.combustion,theyareirreversiblyuseddifficulties.Besidesthesizeofoilreserves(1–1.5up:carbonisconvertedintocarbontrillionbarrelsor
