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1、ExpBrainRes(2007)182:357–364DOI10.1007/s00221-007-0999-8RESEARCHARTICLEEnhancedcognitivecontrolinTouretteSyndromeduringtaskuncertaintyG.M.Jackson·S.C.Mueller·K.Hambleton·C.P.HollisReceived:2August2006/Accepted:15May2007/Publishedonline:14June2007©Springer-Verlag200
2、7AbstractTouretteSyndrome(TS)isadevelopmentalKeywordsCognitivecontrol·Tourettesyndrome·neurologicalconditionthatischaracterisedbythepresenceEyemovements·Executivefunctionofmultiplemotorandoneormorevocaltics.TicsarehighlystereotypedrepetitivebehavioursthatXuctuatein
3、type,complexityandseverity.TShasbeenlinkedtoIntroductionimpairedcognitivecontrolprocesses,however,arecentstudy(Muelleretal.inCurrBiol16:570–573,2006)dem-TouretteSyndrome(TS)ischaracterisedbythepresenceofonstratedthatyoungpeoplewithTS,althoughexhibitingmultiplemotor
4、andoneormorevocalticsthatoccuronchronicmotorandvocaltics,neverthelessperformedsig-mostdays,oftenmanytimesduringasingleday(DSMIV).niWcantlybetterthanagroupofage-matchedcontrolsonaTicsarestereotypedrepetitivebehavioursthatXuctuateintaskthatrequiredextremelyhighlevels
5、ofcognitivecontroltype,complexityandseverity.Theyincludeawiderangeof(i.e.,predictablyshiftingbetweenexecutingpro-saccademovementsfromsimplemotorandvocalmovements(e.g.,andanti-saccaderesponsestoavisualstimulus).Aspre-eyeblinking,grunting)tocoordinatedsequencesofmove
6、-dictabletasksequencesallowtask-relatedcognitivepro-ments(e.g.,handgestures,completeutterances).Thedisor-cessestocommencepriortothepresentationoftargetderusuallyappearsbetweentheagesof5and7yearsandstimuliweexaminedwhetherthesuperiorperformanceofticsreachtheirmaximu
7、mfrequencyaround12or13yearstheTSgroupcouldbereplicatedwhentasksequenceswereofage.Inmostindividualsticstypicallyabatebyadulthoodvariedunpredictably.OurresultsconWrmedthatboththe(Leckmanetal.1998;AlbinandMink2006).TSgroupandanage-matchedcontrolgroupbeneWted,byWhileth
8、epreciseneuralbasisofTSiscurrentlythesameextent,whenthesaccadetask(pro-saccadevs.unclear,thereisconsiderableevidencetoindicatethatthisanti-saccad
