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1、AppliedTransportEconomicsPolicy,Management&DecisionMakingTHIRDEDITIONSTUARTCOLELondonandSterling,VAiiiFirstpublishedinGreatBritainbyKoganPageLimited,1987Secondedition1998Thirdedition2005Apartfromanyfairdealingforthepurposesofresearchorprivatestudy,orcrit-icismorreview,aspermittedundertheCopyright,D
2、esignsandPatentsAct,1988,thispublicationmayonlybereproduced,storedortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withthepriorpermissioninwritingofthepublishers,orinthecaseofreprographicreproductioninaccordancewiththetermsandlicencesissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethos
3、etermsshouldbesenttothepublishersattheundermentionedaddresses:KoganPageLimitedKoganPageUS120PentonvilleRoad22883QuicksilverDriveLondonN19JNSterlingVA20166-2012UnitedKingdomUSAwww.kogan-page.co.uk©StuartCole1987,1998,2005TherightofStuartColetobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedbyhiminac
4、cordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988.ISBN0749439645(paperback)074944102X(hardback)BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataACIPrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataCole,Stuart.Appliedtransporteconomics:policy,managementanddeci
5、sionmaking/StuartCole.--3rded.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-7494-3964-5(pbk.)--ISBN0-7494-4102-X(hardcover)1.Transporation.2.Transportationandstate.I.Title.HE151.C72005388--dc222005004336TypesetbySaxonGraphicsLtd,DerbyPrintedandboundinGreatBritainbyCreativePrintandDesign(Wale
6、s),EbbwValeivContentsAbouttheAuthorxiAcknowledgementsxiiiIntroduction1Part1:TransportMarketDynamicsChapter1:MarketDemand5TransportasaDerivedDemand5FactorsDeterminingDemand6CaseStudy1:UrbanBusOperations15DemandPatternsNotInfluencedbyOperators17OperatorAttemptstoInfluenceDemand20PeakDemand21Reference
7、s34Chapter2:ElasticityofDemand36PriceElasticityofDemand36CaseStudy1:TransatlanticFares37CaseStudy2:Coach/RailCompetition39CaseStudy3:LondonCommuters50TheMeasurementofPriceElasticity57IncomeElasticity64Servi
