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1、APPLIEDECONOMICSBYTHESAMEAUTHORBasicEconomics:ACitizen'sGuidetotheEconomyClassicalEconomicsReconsideredKnowledgeandDecisionsMarxism:PhilosophyandEconomicsSay'sLawAPPLIEDECONOMICSThinkingBeyondStageOneTHOMASSOWELLAMemberofthePerseusBooksGroupNewYorkCopyrigh
2、tO2004byThomasSowellPublishedbyBasicBooks,AMemberofthePerseusBooksGroupAUrightsreserved.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanymannerwhatsoeverwithoutwrittenpermissionexceptinthecaseofbriefquotationsembodiedincriticalarticles
3、andreviews.Forinformation,addressBasicBooks,387ParkAvenueSouth,NewYork,NY10016-8810BookspublishedbyBasicBooksareavailableatspecialdiscountsforbulkpurchasesintheUnitedStatesbycorporations,institutions,andotherorganizations.Formoreinfor-mation,pleasecontactt
4、heSpecialMarketsDepartmentatthePerseusBooksGroup,11CambridgeCenter,CambridgeMA02142,orcall(617)252-5298,(800)255-1514ore-mailj.mccrary@perseusbooks.com.Setin12-pointAdobeCaslonbythePerseusBooksGroupLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataSowell,Thoma
5、s,1930-Appliedeconomics:thinkingbeyondstageone/ThomasSowellp.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-465-08143-6(alk.paper)1.Economics-Politicalaspects.2.Economicpolicy-Socialaspects.3.Equality.4.Socialproblems.5.Economicdevelopment.6.Economics.
6、I.Title.ToProfessorArthurSmithies,whotaughtmetothinkbeyondstageoneThispageintentionallyleftblankCONTENTSPreface1PoliticsversusEconomics2FreeandUnfreeLabor3TheEconomicsofMedicalCare4TheEconomicsofHousing5RiskyBusiness6TheEconomicsofDiscrimination7TheEconomi
7、cDevelopmentofNationsSourcesIndexviiThispageintentionallyleftblankPREFACEItisonethingtoknowthebasicprinciplesofeconomics.Itisan-othertoapplythemtotheproblemsoftherealworld.Yetthatisultimatelywhattheseprinciplesareallabout.Insteadoffocussingonestablishingth
8、eprinciplesofeconomics,asIdidinBasicEco-nomics,herethefocuswillbeondealingindepthwithparticularrealworldproblems,usingeconomicprinciplestoclarifywhyandhowthingshavehappenedthewaythattheyhave.Thisisabooktoenab
