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1、不定式、动名词、分词、独立主格结构用法之区别总述：分词短语作定语时,相当一个定语从句;单个现在分词作定语,常前置;单个过去分词常后置,表一次具体动作;而前置表通常状况。非谓语的否定式是把not置于非谓语动词前。分词短语作状语时,相当于各种状语从句,即各种状语从句的主语与主句主语相同,去掉连词和从句主语,把谓语动词改为非谓语形式;当从句主语与主句主语不同时,则主语不能去掉,即变成独立主格结构,但不能作定语和补语。不定式表示(过去或将来)具体某一次动作,强调全过程;或表示将要发生的动作。不定式表示一般状况与动名词用法相同。不定式还可做目的状语和结果状语。单个动名词做主语,谓语用单
2、数;做表语时,表示主语的性质或具体内容。一、不定式1、to+动原,叫做不定式,.与动名词、分词一起叫做非谓语形式。其复合结构也一样;作使役、感观V宾补时,不带to;而当这些动词变成被动语态时要加上to。省to:(1)helpsb/sth(to)动原、don’tdare(to)+动原、preferto+.动原+ratherthan+(to)动原、dosthbut/except(to)+动原,(2)what引导主语从句,everything/all/thebest所带定语从句关系代词作do的宾语,.则作表语的不定式to可省;(3)and并列多个不定式,第一个以后to可省。※too
3、+adj/adv+to动原；adj/adv+enoughto+动原；manage/failtodoappealtosb/sthtodoapproveofsb/sthtodoonlytodo不表将要做某事arrangeforsb/sthtododemandofsb/sthtodo.感观动词+sb/sthdosIsawherwalkacrossthesquareandgointoalane....Setathieftocatchathief.→Shewasseentowalkacrossthesquareandgointoalane......Sheistooyoungtogot
4、oschool.Ioftenheardhimsinginthenextroom..It’sapleasuretomanaagetogethere.What/AllIwanttodois(to)helpyouwithyourstudy..Heisoldenoughtojointhearmy.WouldyoubesokindastohelpmewithmyEnglishstudy?Toseeistobelieve.orSeeingisbelieving.It’s(of)nouseregretting/toregretwhathasbeendone.....It’sworthwhi
5、lewriting/towriteitalloutagain.Toerrishuman,toforgiveisdivine.犯错是凡人,宽恕是圣人.Simonhadnochoicebuttoworkhardthen.Despiteaheavysnow,thechildrenarestilllookingforwardto(notcancel)theoutdooractivityattheweekend.Myjobis(water)alltheflowersinthegarden.I’mpleasedtoseeyouhere.Thebestthatyoucandois(mana
6、ge)thestressinthedaytominimizeitsimpactonyourhealth.2、(un)important,dangerous,terrible,(un)fit,surprising,(im)possible,easy,hard./difficult,light/heavy,nice/beautiful,interesting,pleasant,expensive,weak等作表语时,不定式作条件、结果状语,用主动表示被动,表明说话人对不定式动作看法或建议。Whydopeoplecometohislecturesinceitishardtounde
7、rstand？ThecountryofAndorra(安道尔)ishardtofindontheworld’smap.Thebookisveryinterestingtoread.(条件状语)..Theplaceistoodifficulttogetto.（结果状语）Thistypeofmusicisgoodtodanceto.(条件状语).Thesupermarketisexpensivetorun.Thesegoodsareheavytocarry.(条件状语)→Thesegoodsaretoohe
