chapter 3 A brief history of language teaching

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1、chapter3Abriefhistoryoflanguageteaching1)TheWesternContext2)TheChineseContext1)TheWesternContext⑴Before16thcentury⑵After16thcentury⑶Fromthe17thcenturytothe19thcentury⑷Bythe19thcentury⑸Towardmid-19thcentury⑹Towardthelate19thcentury(7)Teachingmethodsinthe20thcentury⑴Before16thcentury:拉丁语有较长时

2、间的历史，并与古典文化密切相关，所以有很高的威望和许多实际用途，被认为是当时文人所应该学习的。在欧洲大部分国家，拉丁语用于教育和政府管理；在国际上，拉丁语用于宗教，政治和商业。现在不太清楚当时是如何教拉丁语；但从其使用的众多场合看，一定是书面语和口语表达同时学习。Latinwastheonlyfocusofstudyinglanguage.Itwasthedominantlanguageofeducation,commerce,religion,andgovernmentinthewesternworld.⑵After16thcentury:拉丁语在各国国内很少使用，代之以

3、各民族的语言。不过，其是文学语言和哲学语言，所以文人继续学习拉丁语。现在，情况不同了：其实际用途几乎全部消失，在大多数情况下，只有阅读能力被认为是必要的。French,Italian,andEnglishgainedinimportanceasaresultofpoliticalchangesinEurope.Latinbecamedisplacedasalanguageofspokenandwrittencommunication.⑶Fromthe17thcenturytothe19thcentury:ThelearningofLatinexertedgreatimpac

4、tupontheearlyteachinginwesternworld.Textbook--Abstractgrammarrules--Listsofvocabulary--SentencesfortranslationThepenofmyauntisinthegarden.Greencloudissleepingsoundly.ThestudyofclassicalLatinandtheanalysisofitsgrammarandrhetoricbecamethemodelforforeignlanguagestudy.⑷Bythe19thcenturyGraduall

5、y,theapproachbasedonthestudyofLatinhadbecamethestandardwayofstudyingforeignlanguagesinschools.ItbecameknownastheGrammar-TranslationMethod(GTMethod).⑸Towardmid-19thcenturyGTMethodinteachingandlearningwasgraduallyrejected.法国学者古恩教学法是根据自己观察小孩如何运用语言来创建的。他主张学生使用外语来描述一系列关联动作组成的事。GouinseriesStandu

6、p．Gotothedoor．Openthedoor．Gooutoftheroom．Comeintotheroom．Closethedoor．Gobacktoyourplace．Sitdown．⑹Towardthelate19thcenturyIPA(InternationalPhoneticAlphabet)TheemphasisonnaturallangaugelearningprinciplesultimatelyledtothedevelopmentofwhatcametobeknownastheDirectMethod.⑺Teachingmethodsinthe20

7、thcentury:TheAudiolingualMethod（听说法）---ALMTheOralApproachandtheSituationalLanguageTeaching(口语法和情景教学法）CommunicativeLanguageTeaching(交际法)---CLTTotalPhysicalResponse(全身反应法)---TPRTheSilentWay(沉默法)CommunityLanguageLearning(社团学习法)TheNaturalApproach(自然法)Suggestopedia