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1、Chapter5Therenaissanceandthereformation-newperceptionandnewbeliefSummaryRenaissance,meaningrebirth,lastedfrom1350to1600,itisaboutafloweringofarts,particularlyinItaly,forthefirsttimesinceancientworld.Rulerstakeinterestinartandlearningandinbeautifyingtheircities.Peopleemphasisenewval
2、uesofindividuality,independent,rationalism,andtheenjoymentofthislife.Thesechangesinoutlookandpoliticsaffectpeople’sattitudetothechurch.Acrisisoccurredin1517,whenMartinLutherattackedthesalesoftheindulgencestartedtheReformation,thenthechurchsplitintotheCatholicandtheProtestantchurche
3、s.Peoplediscontentedwiththewaythechurchwasrunandwithaspectsofdoctrineinthefifteenthcentury,socallforreform.JohnWycliffeandJanHuscontendchurchreformation.MartinLutherattackonchurchlaws,RomeandJews,thuscausedThePeasantswarin1524-1625.TheRenaissanceandtheReformationwereaturningpointin
4、thedevelopmentofwesternculture.Thereweregreatscientificdiscoveries,Renaissanceopenthedoorstoasenseofdissatisfactionandintellectualdiscontent,philosophywereseparatedfromreligion,artgotliberation,womengotmorerightsinsociety.TheReformationfreedthethoughtofpeople,makeProtestanthavecons
5、cience,literatureandreadingflourished,peoplegetmoreeducationandknowmoreaboutliterature.Themovie《RomeoandJuliet》《Amades》《ShakespeareinLove》Chapter6 Theseventeenthcentury—TheAgeofScienceandGovernmentSummarySeventeenthcenturyconcernsaboutauthority,inpolitics,philosophy,religionandscie
6、nce.ThreethingswerecrucialinthedevelopmentofseventeenthcenturyEuropeansocieties:theproblemsofreligiousdifferences,thegrowthofatradingmiddleclass,andtheoriesandpracticeofgovernance.Duringthisperiod,thecivilwarbrokeout,ReligiousconflictoccurredunderMaryTudor,andElizabethIbeginhermona
7、rchy.Mercantilismdominatedthesociety,socialstructuresandwarhadanimportantinfluenceontrade.Afterthecivilwar,theBillofRightspassedandlaidthefoundationsforconstitutionalmonarchy.Philosophy,science,artsandliteratureallgetchallengedbythiscentury’sexperiment.Thiscenturyproducedopposingfo
8、rmsofgovernmentwhichwouldc
