欧洲文化入门题解

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《欧洲文化入门》I.Choosethemostappropriateoneforthefollowingblanks.(60POINTS)1.TwomajorelementsinEuropeancultureare____.A.theGreekandRomanB.theJudaismandChristianityC.theGreco-RomanD.AandB抓住两条线索。一条是社会文化发展线索，那就是希腊和罗马文化历史。另一条则是精神宗教形成线索，即犹太教和基督教历史2.____dealswiththeTrojanWar(theGreekstatesledbyAgamemnonintheirwaragainstthecityofTroy).A.TheOdysseyB.TheIliadC.PrometheusBoundD.Persians荷马史诗描述的正是希腊人与特洛伊人之间的战争（《以利亚特》和《奥得赛》）3.TheplayPrometheusBoundwaswrittenby_____.A.AeschylusB.AristophanesC.EuripidesD.Sophocles4.ThebestwriterofcomedyoftheancientGreecewas____,whoisFatherofComedy.A.EuripidesB.AristophanesC.SophoclesD.Aeschylus喜剧家：Aristophanes Comedywriter5.____wasoneoftheearliestexponents解释者oftheatomictheory.A.HomeB.HeracleitueC.DemocritusD.SocratesDemocritusMaterialist,oneoftheearliestexponentsoftheatomictheory6,____byPlatoisabookabouttheidealstateruledbyaphilosopherbutbarringpoets.A.DialoguesB.TheApologyC.TheRepublicD.Symposium讨论会7.Dantecalled____"themasterofthosewhoknow".A,AristotleB.PlatoC.SocratesD.Archimedes8.Euclidisevennowwell-knownforhis____.A.ElementsB.PoeticsC.EthicsD.PoliticsEuclidatextbookofgeometryEuclid---Elements9.____hasbeenabigsubjectfordiscussionamongwritersandartists.A,DiscusThrowerB,VenusdeMiloC,LaocoongroupD,Parthenon10.Herodotus,FatherofHistory,wroteaboutthewarbetween____.A.AthensandSpartaB.AthensandSyracuseC.AthensandPersiansD.GreeksandPersiansHerodotus wroteaboutwarsbetweenGreeksandPersians Fatherofhistory11.Itis_____whowasthefounderofscientificmathematics.A.HeracleitusB.AristotleC.SocratesD.PythagorasPythagorasAllthingswerenumbersfounderofscientificmathematics12.Octaviustooksupremepowerasemperorwiththetitleof____in27B.C.RomeB.AugustusC.TheRomanEmpireD.PaxRomana公元前27年，元老院授予屋大维“奥古斯都”和“大元帅”的尊称13.Thegreatepic史诗,TheAeneid,waswrittenby_____.A.LucretiusB.VirgilC.JuliusCaesarD.Cicero维吉尔他是罗马文学中最重要的作家。代表作品是《阿尼德》。6 14.TheoldestandmostimportantoftheOldTestamentof39booksarethefirstfivebooks,called____.A.DeuteronomyB.ExodusC.thePentateuchD.GenesisHebrew人的历史口头传送记入theoldTestament，旧约包含39本书最重要的前五本是Pentateuch最重要的前五本是《摩西五书》15.In____theJewswerecarriedawayintotheBabylonianCaptivity(巴比伦之囚).A.169B.C.B.586B.C.C.536B.C.D,721B.C.16.ThemostimportantandinfluentialofEnglishBibleis____,firstpublishedin1611.A.TheSeptuagintB.TheVulgateC.Wycliff'sversionD.Authorizedversion最重要的也是最具影响力的圣经译本是最初发表于1611年的官方版圣经或詹姆斯王圣经17.____istheoldestextantGreektranslationoftheOldTestament.A.TheSeptuagintB.TheVulgateC.Wycliff'sversionD.AuthorizedversionGreekBible叫Septuagint18.Itisgenerallyacceptedthat____andShakespearearetwogreatreserviorsofModernEnglish.A.theBibleB.theEnglishBibleC.theNewTestamentD.theOldTestament英语圣经和莎士比亚的作品被成为现代英语的两大源头。19.TheMiddleAgesisaperiodinwhich_____,_____andGothicheritagesmerged.A.Greco-Roman,ChristianityB.classical,ChristianC.Greek,RomanD.classical,Hebrew5-11世纪aperiodinwhichclassical,HebrewandGothicheritagemerged20.Thecentreofmedievallifeunderfeudalismwas_____.A.knighthoodB.themanor领地C.theChurchD.polis当时最基本的经济组织是封建庄园（manor）21.In1054,theChristianChurchwasdividedinto____andtheEasternOrthodox东正教的Church.A.ChristianityB.theRomanChurchC.theRomanCatholic天主教徒ChurchD.theWesternCatholic1054,教堂分裂为theRomanCatholicChurchandtheEasternOrthodoxChurch22._____byAquinasformsanenormoussystemandsumsupalltheknowledgeofmedievaltheology.A.SummaTheologicaB.SummaContraGentilesC.OpusmaiusD.BeowulfSt.ThomasAquinas(Scholasticism)写了SummaTheologica，这本书sumsupalltheknowledgeofmedievaltheology神学23.TheAnglo-Saxonepic____originatedfromthecollectiveeffortoforalliterature.A.SongofRolandB.theAnglo-SaxonChronicles历代记.C.BeowulfD.theDivine超人的Comedy出现了长篇的史诗（Epic）。日耳曼人的一支盎格鲁6 萨克逊人的史诗《贝欧伍尔夫》是流传至今的早期英雄史诗最完整的一部24.Generallyspeaking,Renaissancereferstotheperiodbetween____.A.the13thand15thcenturiesB.the14thandmid-17thcenturyC.the15thand16thcenturiesD.the14thand16thcenturies14thand17thCenturyStartinginFlorenceandVenice25.____istheessenceoftheRenaissance.TherevivalofinterestinancientGreekandRomancultureAttemptstogetridofconservatismThefloweringofpaintings,sculptureandarchitectureHumanism人文主义提出人是宇宙的中心，对“人”的肯定，成了资产阶级思想的核心。26.FracescoPetrarch,theauthorof____,isknownasFatherofHumanism.A.theDecameronB.CanzoniersC.DavidD.SleepingVenus彼特拉克被称为现代诗歌之父27.AfterReformation,_____cameintobeing.A.ChristianityB.CalvinismC.LutheranismD.ProtestantismJohnCalvin基督教教义oneofthemostinfluentialtheologicalworksCalvinism28.WhichwasNOTtrueaboutDurerA,TheleaderoftheRenaissanceinGermanyB,AmasterofwoodcutC,NeverbeingtoItalyD,AfollowerofMartinLuther版画家丢勒（Durer）的木雕29.Fatherofmodernastronomyis____.A.DaVinciB.AmerigoVespucciC.NicolausCopernicusD.MarchiavelliCopernicusThefatherofmodernastronomy现代天文学之父30.Vosariwasbestknownforhisentertainingbiographiesof_____.A.FabricaB.PrinceC.theDivineComedyD.LivesoftheArtistsVesaliusmarkedthebeginningofanewerainthestudyofanatomy(解剖学)founderofmodernmedicine31._____'stheorieshavegivenrisetoimportantdevelopmentsofmodernscience,rangingfromFreudianpsychologytoEinsteinianphysics.GalileoGalileiB.GottfriedWilhelmvonLeibnizC.SirIsaacNewtonD.JohannesKeplerLeibnizDistinguishesthreelevelsofunderstanding:self-conscious(自我意识)conscious(意识)unconscious/subconscious(潜意识)他和牛顿都是caculus的创始人32.Inthefirst_____,Lockeflatlyrejectedthetheoryofdivinerightofkings.A.theAdvancementofLearningB.theNewAtlantisC.EssayConcerninghumanUnderstandingD.TreatiseofCivilGovernmentLocke政治论Materialistviews(ideasderivedfromsensationorfromreflection)SocialContract33.ThomasHobbes's_____isoneofthemostcelebratedpoliticaltreatisesinEuropeanliterature.A.LeviathanB.theAdvancementofLearningC.EssayConcerninghumanUnderstanding6 D.TreatiseofCivilGovernmentHobbes利维坦Materialist(knowledgecomefromexperience)SocialContract英国认为最好的统治方式是monarchy霍布士在他的著作《利维坦》中提出国家论与社会契约论，他的理论是极端的王党政治34.Thethemeof_____isthefallofmen.A.NewMethodB.TreatiseofCivilGovernmentC.EssayConcerninghumanUnderstandingD.ParadiseLost35._____wasthebestrepresentativedramatistofFrenchclassicalcomedies.A.CorneilleB.RacineC.MolièreD.DescartesMoliere达尔杜夫愤世嫉俗吝啬鬼thebestrepresentativedramatistofFrenchClassicalcomedies36.WhichofthefollowingartistshelpedtogringtheRomanBaroquestyletoitsclimaxA.RubensB.BerniniC.BorrominiD.Caravaggio660年到1730年，巴洛克艺术中心转移到法国，其代表人物有画家卡拉瓦乔（0、委拉丝贵支、鲁本斯、伦布朗等，雕塑家贝尼尼、波罗米尼等37.WhosedoctrinesoftheseparationofpowersbecameoneofthemostimportantprinciplesoftheU.S.constitution______A.JohnLockeB.RousseauC.VoltaireD.Montesquieu洛克的学说受到了英国革命、美国革命中资产阶级的欢迎38.InwhichofDiderot'sworks,theauthordevelopedhismaterialistphilosophyandfore-shadowedthedoctrineofevolutionsaslaterproposedbyCharlesDarwin______A.PhilosophicalThoughtsB.Rameau'sNephewC.ElementsofPhysiologyD.Encyclopedie这一时期法国哲学还有以狄德罗为代表的“百科全书派”。39._____,novelist,isoftencalledthefounderofEnglishdomesticnovel.A.WalterScottB.HenryFieldingC.SamuelJohnsonD.SamuelRichardsonSamuelRichardsonThefounderofEnglishdomesticnovel40.WhichoftheLessing'sworkswasalandmarkinthe18th-centuryGermandrama_____A.MinnaVonBarnhelmB.LaocoonC.HamburgischeDramaturgieD.NathantheWise他的主要作品有剧本《明娜冯巴尔赫姆》（MinnaVonBarnharm）和《智者纳旦》（NathantheWise）41.In_____,Goethedrawsonaimmensevarietyofculturalmaterial.ItisnotonlyhisownmasterpiecebutthegreatestworkofGermanliterature.A.theSorrowofYoungWertherB.FaustC.WilhelmMeister'sTravelsD.PoetryandTruth其作品有《少年维特的烦恼》、《威廉迈斯特的学习时代》、《威廉迈斯特的漫游时代》、《浮士德》。42.AmongSchiller'sworks,_____wasaplaybestknowntotheChinese6 audience.A.TheRobbersB.WallensteinC.CabalandLoveD.WilhelmTell席勒的作品有《强盗》（TheRobber）、《阴谋与爱情》（CabalandLove）、《瓦伦斯坦》（Wallenstein）43.Kant'syearsofhisphilosophicalstudiesarecrystalizedinthreedifficultbooks;amongthem,_____wasthemostimportantsinglebookbyanymodernpholosopher.GeneralHistoryofNatureandTheoryoftheHeavensCritiqueofPracticalReasonC.CritiquueofJudgementD.CritiqueofPureReason"CritiqueofPureReason"44.Ithasbeensaidthat"theworldhadwaitedcenturiesfor_____andhewasonlytoremainhereamoment".A.BeethovenB.HaydnC.MozartD.Bach45.WhichofthefollowingwritersorpoetsisusuallycalledthefatherofEuropeanhistoricalnovel______.A.GoetheB.VictorHugoC.DanielDefoeD.WalterScott瓦尔特司格特在叙事文学方面做出了很大贡献，创始了欧洲历史小说。46.In1798,_______,avolumeofpoemsbyWordsworthandColeridge,madeliteraryhistory.A.SongsofExperienceB.LyricalBallads抒情诗C.IslesofGreeceD.OdetotheWestWind47."Beautyistruth,truthbeauty"istheendingof_______poemOdeonaGrecianUrm.A.KeatsB.Byron'sC.Shelley'sD.Scott's48.______stoodinthevanoftheRomanticmovementinRussia,______isgenerallyrecognizedashismasterpiece.A.Lermontov,AHeroofOurTimeB.Pushkin,LuslanandLiudmilaC.Pushkin,BorisGodunovD.Pushkin,EugeneOneginPushkin:俄国浪漫主义先锋(van)aByroniccharacterhismasterpieceis创造了俄国文学中的第一个“多余的人“的典型49.ThepublicationofMickiewicz's_____isuauallytakenasthebeginningofRomanticisminPolishliterature.A.SonnetsfromtheCrimeaB.KonradWallenrodC.BalladsandRamancesD.PanTadeusz50.Beethoven's_____isachoralsymphony,choosingasatextforthefinaleShiller'sOdetoJoy.A.SymphonyNo.3B.SymphonyNo.5C.SymphonyNo.6D.SymphonyNo.951."---------"isthemostimportantworkbyMarxaboutMarxist.A.ThesisonFeuerbachB.TheManifestooftheCommunistPartyC.TheGermanIdeologyD.Capital52.Basedon_____,MarxandEngelsdevelopedtheirowndialecticalmaterialism.DialecticalmaterialismB.theoryofrevolutionMeansofintercourseD.destructive6 force53.Darwinlearnedfrom-------thatinthestruggleforexistence,onlythestrongestsurvived.AMalthusBLamarckCLyellD.Huxley54.Inartandliteraturetheterm------isusedtoidentifyaliterarymovementinEuropeandtheUnitedStatesinthelasthalfofthe19thcenturyandtheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury.A.realismB.romanticismC.classicismD.naturalism现实主义Realismariseinthe50softhe19thcenturyandhaditsorigininFrance55.Zoladefinedthetheoryof_____andillustrateditinhisgreatworkentitled_____.Anaturalism,LesRougen-MacquartsB.naturalism,MadameBovaryC.realism,theHumanComedyD.realism,theCharterhouseofParma自然主义文学的代表人物是左拉。他的长篇小说集《鲁贡－马卡尔家族史》（LesRouge–Macquarts）56.BalzacisparticularlycelebratedforhismonumentalA.ArmanceB.LeRoughetleNoirC.TheCharterhouseofParmaD.TheHumanComedy巴尔扎克是法国批判现实主义的中流砥柱。他在《人间喜剧》中57._____wasthefirstRussianauthortogainrecognitionintheWest.A.GogolB.TurgenevC.DostoyevskyD.TolstoyTurgenev屠格涅夫thefirstRussianauthortogainrecognitionintheWest58.CharlesDickens'_____,oneofhisbestbook,isakindofautobiographicalromance.A.BlackHouseB.PickwickPapersC.ATaleoftheTwoCitiesD.DavidCopperfield59._____wontheNobelprizeforliteraturein1947.A.AndreGideB.ThomasMannC.G.SteinD.SigmundFreud60._____wasaleadingfigureintheimagistmovement.A.T.SEliotB.RobertFrostC.W.B.YeatsD.EzraPoundPoundaleadingfigureoftheImagistmovementAmericanpoet6