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时间:2017-07-29
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1、1.希腊罗马 Homer Authorofepics SapphoLyricpoet 三大悲剧家: Aeschylus Tragicdramatist Sophocles Tragicdramatist Euripides Tragicdramatist 喜剧家: Aristophanes Comedywriter 历史学家: Herodotus wroteaboutwarsbetweenGreeksandPersians Fatherofhistory Thucydideswroteaboutwars
2、betweenAthensandSpartaandAthensandSyracuse thegreatesthistorianthathaveeverlived 哲学和科学: PythagorasAllthingswerenumbersfounderofscientificmathematics23 HeracleitueFireistheprimaryelement DemocritusMaterialist,oneoftheearliestexponentsoftheatomictheory SocratesDissect
3、ofoneself,virtuewashighworthoflife,dialecticalmethod PlatoManhaveknowledgebecauseoftheexistenceofcertaingeneralideas AristotleDirectobservation,theoryfollowfact,ideaandmattertogethermade concreteindividualrealities Euclid atextbookofgeometry Archimedeswhenabodyisimme
4、rsedinwateritslossofweightisequaltothe weightofthewaterdisplaced“GivemeaplacetostandandI‘llmove theWorld“ OthersDiogenes(theCynics)Pyrrhon(theSceptics)Epicurus(theEpicureans)Zeno (theStoics) 4thcenturyB.C.后半叶希腊在Alexander,kingofMacedon的领导下,5thcenturyB.C.达到顶峰,146B.C.被罗
5、马攻克23 2.基督教和圣经 Jews—以前叫Hebrews,3800B.C.穿过中东沙漠,1300B.C.Moses带领Hebrews离开埃及,开始他们的Exodus,他在Sinai山定了tencommandmentsinthenameofGod,40年后Hebrews定居Pelestine,knownasCanaan,Hebrew人的历史口头传送记入theoldTestament,6thcenturyB.C.,他们在Babylon形成synagogue(忧太集会)来发扬他们的教义。 JesusChrist生活在第一个罗马帝国Au
6、gustus,EmperorConstantine1于313年宣布基督教合法,EmperorTheodosius于392年宣布基督教为国教。 Hebrew人的历史口头传送记入theoldTestament,旧约包含39本书,写了从1000B.C.-100A.D.的事情,最重要的前五本是Pentateuch,旧约主要由Hebrew写成,theNewTestment主要是Greek的形式,包含14本书,最古老的LatinBible叫Vulgate,在1382年被JohnWycliff翻译成了英语,GreekBible叫Septuagint
7、 3.中世纪 开始于476年西罗马帝国的衰败 5-11世纪 aperiodinwhichclassical,HebrewandGothicheritagemerged 1054,教堂分裂为theRomanCatholicChurchandtheEasternOrthodoxChurch 反击Moslems,开始了Crusades23 CharlesMartel给士兵们estatesknownasfiefsin732 St.ThomasAquinas(Scholasticism)写了SummaTheologica,这本书sum
8、supalltheknowledgeofmedievaltheology他认为feudalhierarchy(层次,等级)ofsocietyisGod‘sruleThepoweroffeuda
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