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1、血吸虫(bloodfluke)裂体吸虫(schistosome)河北北方学院张进顺分类扁形动物门(PhylumPlatyhelminthes)吸虫纲(ClassTrematoda)复殖目(OrderDigenea)裂体科(FamilySchistosomatidae)扁形动物门(PhylumPlatyhelminthes)复殖纲(ClassDigenea)(吸虫纲Trematoda)鸮形目(OrderStrigeida)裂体科(FamilySchistosomatidae)主要虫种:日本血吸虫(Schistosomajapon
2、icum)曼氏血吸虫(Schistosomamansoni)埃及血吸虫(Schistosomahaematobium)间插血吸虫(Schistosomaintercalatum)眉公血吸虫(Schistosomamekongi)马来血吸虫(Schistosomamalayensis)日本血吸虫Schistosomajaponicum据湖南长沙马王堆西汉女尸及湖北江陵西汉男尸体内发现典型日本血吸虫卵的事实,证明2100余年前,我国长江流域已有日本血吸虫病的流行。1905年,Catto在新加坡解剖一例死于霍乱的福建籍华侨尸体时,在
3、肠系膜静脉中检获了日本血吸虫成虫。同年,Logan在湖南常德县的一名18岁男性农民粪便中检出日本血吸虫卵。HistoricalandGeographicalNotes.在柬埔寨、老挝和泰国发现的湄公血吸虫,过去认为系日本血吸虫的一株,1978年Voge等根据其虫卵比日本血吸虫的四个地理株的虫卵小,中间宿主为开放拟钉螺(Triculaaperta),开放前期也较其他四个地理株为晚等而定为湄公血吸虫。在马来西亚的类日本血吸虫已确定为马来血吸虫(S.malayensis,Greeretal,1988),其中间宿主为卡波小罗伯特螺(R
4、obertsiellakaporensis)及吉士小罗伯特螺(R.gismanni)。SchistosomajaponicumKatsurada,1904Synonym.SinobilharziajaponicaLeRoux,1958.SchistosomiasisjaponicawasfirstmentionedbyFujii,aJapanesephysician,in1847Baelz(1883)madethefirstepidemiologicsurveyinOkayamaPrefecture,Japan,butattr
5、ibutedthediseasetoClonorchissinensisYamagiwa(1890),Kurimoto(1893),andespeciallyFujinami(1904)foundeggsoftheparasiteinvariousorgansofpatientsandascribedtheetiologicroleintheinfectiontotheeggs.Kasai(1903)firstfoundtheeggsinfeces.Fujinami(l904)firstfoundthefemalewormin
6、theportalvein.Katsurada(1904)firstdescribedtheadultworms,obtainedfrominfecteddogsandcats,andassignedtotheparasiteanewspecificname,i.e.,japonicum.Logan(1905)diagnosedthefirstcaseinChina.TheexperimentalworkofFujinami(1909),Miyagawa(1912-1913),andMiyairiandSuzuki(1913-
7、1914)furnishedproofforthelifecycleofS.japonicumandprovidedabasisforLeiper'sworkonthebloodflukesinEgypt(1915-1918).DetailsofthebiologyandpathogenesisofS.japonicumweredescribedbyFaustandMeleneyin1924.ThisinfectionisconfinedtoareasintheFarEast.InJapanfiverelativelysmal
8、lfociareinvolved.InChinapracticallythewholeoftheChangJiang(Yangtze)BasinisstuddedwithendemicfocifromwesternSichuantothesea.Inaddition,thec