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1、TheMoralLimitsoftheCriminalLawVolume4:HarmlessWrongdoingFeinberg,Joel,RegentsProfessorofPhilosophyandLaw,UniversityofArizona,TucsonPrintpublicationdate:1990,PublishedtoOxfordScholarshipOnline:November2003PrintISBN-13:978-0-19-506470-4,doi:10.1093/0195064704.001.000128LegalMora
2、lismandNon-GrievanceEvilsJoelFeinberg1.BroadandNarrow(Strict)ConceptionsofLegalMoralismInrestrictingthelistofvalidliberty-limitingprinciplestotheharmandoffenseprinciples,liberalism,aswehaveseen,deniesthattheneedtoprotectafree,informed,andcompetentactorfromtheharmfulconsequences
3、ofhisownvoluntaryconductiseveragoodreasonforrestrictinghisliberty.Thatistosaythat“liberalism,”asIamusingtheterm,rejectsthelegitimizingprinciplecalled“legalpaternalism.”Buttheliberalviewalsodeniesthattheneedandopportunitytopreventanyclassofevilsotherthanharmsandoffensescaneverbe
4、agoodreasonforcriminalprohibitions.Analternativetotheliberalview,then,canbeputinthefollowingverygeneralway:“Itcanbemorallylegitimateforthestate,bymeansofthecriminallaw,toprohibitcertaintypesofactionthatcauseneitherharmnoroffensetoanyone,onthegroundsthatsuchactionsconstituteorca
5、useevilsofotherkinds.”Thisstraightforwardbutvaguedenialofliberalismwecancall“legalmoralisminthebroadsense.”Conceivedinthisbroadway,legalmoralismpermitsanyofalargemiscellanyofreasonshavingnoreferencetoharmoroffensetoanyonetohaverelevanceandcogencyinsupportofcriminallegislation.T
6、hereasonsmostcommonlyadvanced,however,aretheneed(1)topreserveatraditionalwayoflife,(2)toenforcemorality,(3)topreventwrongfulgain,and(4)toelevateorperfecthumancharacter.Allthesereasonsaresaidtohaveweighteveninendp.3theabsenceofthreatstointerestorsensibilityofthekindrequiredbyth
7、eharmandoffenseprinciples.Morecommonly,“legalmoralism”isdefinedinamuchnarrowerway,referringonlytoonesubclassofthelargergenusofimpersonalreasonsacceptedbylegalmoralisminthebroadsense,namelytheenforcementofmorality.Accordingtothisnarrowerprinciple,whichwecancall“legalmoralisminthe
8、strictsense”theclassofevilsotherthanharmsandoffensesthatcanwar
