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1、ROUGHDRAFTParaguayanForeignPolicy:TheLegacyOfAuthoritarianismFrankO.MoraRhodesCollegePreparedfordeliveryatthe2001meetingoftheLatinAmericanStudiesAssociation,Washington,DC,September6-8,20010IntroductionAsscholarshaveoftennoted,democratizationisverymuchapath-dependentproce
2、ss.Thischaptersuggeststhatforeignpolicydecisionmakingandprioritiesaredependentonthestructureandnatureofthedemocratizationprocess.ThecaseofArgentinademonstrateshowarupturemodeoftransitionresultedinadramaticshiftintheforeignpolicyofthedemocraticregimeofPresidentRaulAlfonsi
3、n.Alltheactorsandinstitutionsofthepreviousauthoritarianregimewerediscreditedandreplacedbyanewstructureandinterests.Ontheotherhand,thepathofParaguay’stransitionfromaboveandwithin—provokedbyacrisisofinternaldecompositioninthesultanisticregimeofPresidentAlfredoStroessner—al
4、lowedmanyinstitutionalandstructuralvestigesoftheregimetosurviveandshapetheforeignpolicyofParaguay’sincompleteandprecariousdemocracy.Moreover,Paraguay’sstrongcaudilloheritage,exaggeratedpersonalism,andweakinstitutionalizationhaveledtothedominanceoftheexecutiveinallareasof
5、publicpolicy(LezcanoClaude1989).Therefore,presidentialismortheoverwhelminginfluencesandautonomyoftheexecutiveisanimportantlegacyanddeterminantofParaguayforeignpolicyduringtheauthoritariananddemocraticperiods.Despitedemocratization,Paraguay’sinstitutionsandbureaucracyares
6、tillpermeatedbypatrimonialandclientelistnetworks.PersonalnetworksandmembershipintherulingColoradopartyremainthesinequanonofpublicsectoremployment.TheMinistryofForeignAffairs,likemanyotherorgansofthestatebureaucracy,lackstheprofessionalism,modernizationandrationalizationn
7、eededtobecomeanefficientactorinforeignpolicyformulationanddecisionmaking.Itremainsstrandedintheimprovisationandinstitutionaldeficiencyofthepreviousauthoritarianregime,highlydependentonthe1whimsandinitiativesofthePalaciodeLopez.Inotherwords,theincompetenceoftheforeignmini
8、stryresultedinamoreexecutive-dominatedforeignpolicydecision-makingprocess.Asreflectedintheanalysisofper
