origin of latin prosapia

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1、TheoriginofLatinprōsāpia*AlexanderNikolaevHarvardUniversityAbstract:itisarguedthatLatinprōsāpia‗lineage,stock‘togetherwithsōpiō,-ōnis‗penis‘(§1)goesbacktotheverbalrootfoundinVedicsāpáyati‗tostrike‘(§2),Osseticsafyn(I.),isafun(D.)‗todestroy‘(§3),Hittiteš

2、ap(p)-‗tohit‘(§4)andGreekἰάπτεηλ‗tohurt‘(§5).Therootcanbereconstructedas*seh2p-(aor.*seh2p->Hittitešapp-,pres.*se-seh2p->Greekἰάπτσ).Thisrootwiththebasicmeaning‗tohit,tostrike‘wasalsoemployedmetaphoricallyinthemeaning‗tohavesexualintercourse‘whichsurviv

3、esinLatinandIranian(e.g.Balochišāpag‗tomountewe‘).1.Latinprōsāpiadenotesagroupofpersonsrelatedbyblood,togetherwiththeirancestors,andisusuallytranslatedas‗lineage‘,‗kin‘,or‗family‘.Noetymologyforthiswordisonthe1books;infact,prōsāpiaisnotevenlistedinthemo

4、strecentLatinetymologicaldictionary.InthispaperIwilldiscussthesemanticandmorphologicalhistoryofthiswordandthenattempttotraceitsorigintoahithertounrecognizedPIEverbalrootevidenceforwhichisfoundinfourdifferentIndo-Europeanlanguages.1.1PrōsāpiaisanarchaicL

5、atinwordthathadbecomeobsoletebyCicero‘stime(Cic.Tim.239:―ututamurveteriverbo…‖)andwascensuredbyQuintilianwhodeprecateditastasteless3andantiquated.Themeaning‗parentage‘isclearfromthetwopassagesinwhichprōsāpiais4usedbyPlautus:*IampleasedtothankJayJasanoff

6、,AlexisManasterRamer,CraigMelchert,MartinPeters,JeremyRau,MartinSchwartz,AndreiSidel‘tsev,andBrentVinefortheircommentsonanearlierversionofthispaper.Theusualdisclaimerapplies.1DeVaan2008.2CicerousedprōsāpiaasanequivalentofGreekἔθγνλνη.OnCicero‘suseofarch

7、aismsinhistranslationofPlatoseePuelmaPiwonka1980:169.3Inst.orat.1.6.40;8.3.26.4Havet(1901:298)conjecturedaformofprōsāpiaatTer.Phorm.395wherethemss.haveprogeniemvostramusqueabavoatqueatavoproferens(soprintedintheOCTtextbyKauer–Lindsay–Skutsch);Havetpoint

8、edoutthatprōgeniēsisunlikelytobeusedinthemeaning‗descent,ancestry‘(asopposedto‗offspring,progeny‘),buthisconcernisperhapsunwarrantedinviewofLucil.849–50(Marx)progeniemantiquamquaestMaximusQuintusandothercitationsassembledintheOLD