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1、Syntax14:2,June2011,148–178DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9612.2010.00150.xOntheNewPassiveHalldo´rA´rmannSigurðssonAbstract.Theso-calledNewPassiveinIcelandictakestheformÔitwaselectedusÕ(or,e.g.,ÔthenwaselectedusÕ,withoutanexpletive),insteadofthestandardpassiveformÔw
2、ewereelectedÕ.IthasneitherA-movementtosubjectnoracc-to-NOMconversion,whichareotherwisediagnosticofthecanonicalpassiveinIcelandicandrelatedlanguages.Someresearchershavearguedthat‘‘passive’’isinfactamisnomerandthattheconstructionshouldinsteadbeanalyzedasan
3、activeone,withanominativepro.Thispaperarguesinsteadinfavorofaminimalistanalysis,wheretheNewPassiveiscloselyrelatedtotheimpersonalPpassive(withaPP,typeÔthenwasshoutedatusÕ),whichishighlycommonandproductiveinIcelandic.Ontheapproachpursued,acc-to-NOMconvers
4、ioninvolvescase-stardeletion,absentfromtheNewPassive(muchasfromso-calledpsychandfate(un)accusativesinstandardIcelandic).Additionally,theNewPassivehasastrongvPphaseedge,blockingA-movement,incontrasttothedefectivevPedgeinthecanonicalpassive.Thepaperarguest
5、hatA-groundingor‘‘freezing’’isbroughtaboutby/-minimality,A-islandsthusarisinginaparallelfashionwithA¢-islands.1.Introduction:TheTraditionalPassive(s)Icelandichasseveraltypesofpassives,asillustratedin(1).Agreement-triggering1argumentsaresetinboldface,wher
6、easagreeingverbsandparticiplesareunderlined.(1)Thetraditionalpassive(s)a.Þeirvorubarðir.NOMpassivethey.N.mwere.3plhit.N.m.plÔTheywerehit.Õb.Þeimvarhrint.Quirky(DAT)passivethem.Dwas.dftpushed.dftÔTheywerepushed.Õc.Þeirravarleitað.Quirky(gen)passivethem.Gw
7、as.dftlooked-forÔTheywerelookedfor.Õd.Hennivorugefnarbækurnar.dat-nompassiveher.Dwere.3plgiven.N.f.sgbooks.the.N.f.sgÔShewasgiventhebooks.ÕIthankTho´rhallurEytho´rssonandJoanMalingfordetailedcommentsonadraftversion,andIamalsogratefultoTerjeLohndalandEina
8、rFreyrSigurðssonfordiscussionsandcomments,aswellastothreeanonymousreviewersfortheirusefulremarks.TheresearchforthispaperwassupportedbyagrantfromtheSwedishResearchCouncil,VR421-2006–2086.1Iusethefollowingabbreviationsinglos
