Nasa Facts the X 29 1998

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1、NASAFactsNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationDrydenFlightResearchCenterP.O.Box273Edwards,California93523AC805-258-3449FAX805-258-3566pao@dfrc.nasa.govFS-1998-04-008-DFRCEC85-33297-23TheX-29TwoX-29aircraft,featuringoneofthemostunusualdesignsinaviation

2、history,wereflownattheNASAAmes-DrydenFlightResearchFacility(soontoberenamedtheDrydenFlightResearchCenter),Edwards,Calif.,astechnologydemonstratorstoinvestigateadvancedconceptsandtechnologies.Themulti-phasedprogramwasconductedfrom1984to1992andprovidedaneng

3、ineeringdatabasethatisavailableinthedesignanddevelopmentoffutureaircraft.TheX-29almostlookedlikeitwasflyingbackward.Itsforwardsweptwingsweremountedwellbackonthefuselage,whileitscanards–horizontalstabilizerstocontrolpitch–wereinfrontofthewingsinsteadofonth

4、e1tail.Thecomplexgeometriesofthewingsandcanardscombinedtoprovideexceptionalmaneuverability,supersonicperformance,andalightstructure.Airmovingovertheforward-sweptwingstendedtoflowinwardtowardtherootofthewinginsteadofoutwardtowardthewingtipasoccursonanaftsw

5、eptwing.Thisreverseairflowdidnotallowthewingtipsandtheiraileronstostall(loselift)athighanglesofattack(directionofthefuselagerelativetotheairflow).Theconceptsandtechnologiesthefighter-sizeX-29exploredweretheuseofadvancedcompositesinaircraftconstruction;var

6、iablecamberwingsurfaces;theuniqueforward-sweptwinganditsthinsupercriticalairfoil;strakeflaps;close-coupledcanards;andacomputerizedfly-by-wireflightcontrolsystemtomaintaincontroloftheotherwiseunstableaircraft.Researchresultsshowedthattheconfigurationofforw

7、ardsweptwings,coupledwithmovablecanards,gavepilotsexcellentcontrolresponseatupto45degreesangleofattack.Duringitsflighthistory,theX-29'swereflownon422researchmissions—242byaircraftNo.1inthePhase1portionoftheprogram;120flightsbyaircraftNo.2inPhase2;and60fli

8、ghtsinafollow-on“vortexcontrol”phase.Anadditional12non-researchflightswithX29No.1and2non-researchflightswithX-29No.2raisedthetotalnumberofflightswiththetwoaircraftto436.Reverseairflow—forward-sweptwingvsaftsweptwing